Jewish Dems List Worst Members of Congress On Jewish Issues

This week's Philadelphia Jewish Voice reports on a recent rating of members of Congress by the National Jewish Democratic Council Political Action Committee. The NDJCPAC has named its "Backward Eighteen"-- the 18 members of Congress up for election this year whose records are worst on issues of importance to the American Jewish community. Not surprisingly, considering the group that compiled the list, the 4 Senators and 14 Representatives on the list are all Republicans. The list includes legislators from Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Indiana, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Wyoming.

Mississippi City Sued By Preachers Who Were Kept Off Sidewalk

On Friday, the Alliance Defense Fund filed a federal lawsuit against the city of Wiggins, Mississippi and various of its officials on behalf of two Christian preachers who were threatened with arrest for carrying signs and engaging in religious speech on a public sidewalk using a microphone and amplification system. The complaint (full text) says that police told the individuals that they were violating the city's noise ordinance, its sign ordinance, were obstructing traffic and endangering public safety. Police told the two Christian evangelists to obtain a permit, but they were later told that the city did not have a permit system. The complaint alleges that the city's conduct violated the 1st and 14th amendments to the U.S. Constitution, as well as provisions of the state constitution protecting speech and assembly.

Rising Orthodox Jewish Population Impacts Much In New Jersey Town

Today's Newark (NJ) Star-Ledger carries a long article on the changes taking place in Lakewood Township, NJ as the Orthodox Jewish population has expanded rapidly. Members of the Orthodox community-- who generally avoid assimilating into the more general culture-- have been elected to various municipal offices and boards. There are almost three times as many children in Orthodox Jewish day schools as there are in public schools. Disputes on allocation of state funds for pre-school special education have arisen. The state Department of Education held that black and Latino children in the Lakewood district have received too little; whites tend to be in more expensive all day pre-school programs. The Department's finding is under appeal. An Orthodox neighborhood watch group formed after an Orthodox woman was abducted and raped has been denounced by the Lakewood Public Safety Director as a private police force. Housing discrimination complaints are high. The other rapidly growing ethnic group in Lakewood is undocumented Mexicans. Rabbi Moshe Zev Weisberg says that small incidents are blown out of proportion and framed as an "Orthodox conspiracy".

While unofficial websites describe Lakewood Township as a hub of Orthodox Judaism (Wikipedia), the Township's official web site makes almost no mention of this. Its listing of houses of worship includes only two of the more than 100 Orthodox synagogues in the township, and its listing of private elementary schools lists none of the many Orthodox institutions. [Thanks to Steven H. Sholk for the lead.]

Niqab Controversies In US, Britain, Egypt

Around the world, the niqab-- a veil covering the face that is worn by some Muslim women-- is creating heated controversy.

Earlier this month in Britain, a Muslim teaching assistant was suspended after she refused to remove her niqab while teaching 11-year olds who speak English as a second language. Yesterday's Telegraph reported that the teacher, Aishah Azmi, sued for discrimination in an employment tribunal after she was suspended for failing to comply with management instructions. She argued that her rights under the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2004 were violated. The tribunal rejected her discrimination claim, but award her damages for injury to her feelings. A second report by the Telegraph says that Azmi's lawyer plans to seek legal aid funding to appeal the case to the European Court of Human Rights. However, a Muslim member of Parliament, Shahid Malik, called for Azmit to drop the suit, saying that there is no support for it from Muslim parents.

In Egypt, the Provost of Helwan University angered some Muslims when he issued an order that any students wearing a niqab must be checked by security women to verify their identity before they will be permitted into the school's dormitories. Gulf News today reports that the university is concerned that a man could walk into female dormitories hidden behind a niqab, or that other criminal activity could be hidden. However students and human rights groups are protesting the order issued a few weeks ago. Illustrating the strength of the feelings on the issue, last week a female Muslim preacher was threatened with death after stating on a television broadcast that the niqab was not required by Islamic law. And the Muslim Brotherhood has filed a complaint with the Prosecutor-General seeking an investigation into alleged exclusion of niqab-wearing students from government-run universities.

Meanwhile, niqab controversies also have come to the United States. Today's Detroit Free Press reports that in a small claims dispute in Hamtramck (Michigan) District Court, a judge has said that he will dismiss a case after a Muslim woman refused remove her niqab before testifying in her lawsuit against a rental car company. The judge said he needs to see the woman's face while she is on the witness stand in order to help assess the truthfulness of her testimony.

Former German Official Criticizes Religious Motivations Of Bush

The Associated Press today reports on excerpts from a new book by Germany's former Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder in which the German leader expresses concern about the religious motivations behind decisions of U.S. President George W. Bush. In excerpts published by Der Spiegel, Schroeder says: "We rightly criticize that in most Islamic states, the role of religion for society and the character of the rule of law are not clearly separated. But we fail to recognize that in the USA, the Christian fundamentalists and their interpretation of the Bible have similar tendencies." Schroeder's book is titled Decisions: My Life in Politics.

Role of Religion In Connecticut Senate Race

Today's Hartford (CN) Courant discusses the role of religion in the high profile Senate race between Democratic nominee Ned Lamont and current Senator Joseph Lieberman who is running as an Independent after losing in the Democratic primary. A column by Mark Silk, director of the Center for the Study of Religion in Public Life, reports that in the primary, Lieberman carried the Catholic and Jewish vote. However Lamont carried the Protestant vote and won by a 3-1 margin among those who have no religious affiliation and by a 2-1 margin among adherents of non-Judeo-Christian faiths. Lieberman, who is Jewish, received 61% of the Jewish vote in the primary. Many Jews, however, are strong supporters of church-state separation and object to Lieberman's strong emphasis on religion in his campaign.

Archbishop of Cantebury In China

A Reuters article in today's Washington Post reports on the two-week visit on the Archbishop of Cantebury Rowan Williams to China. He has talked with government officials on issues of concern such as the environment, an aging society, censorship and the death penalty. On Sunday he held a service in Beijing and encouraged Chinese Christian leaders and intellectuals to play a role in discussions on China's public policy issues.

UPDATE: As the Archbishop of Cantebury ended his trip to China, Tuesday's London Times reports that human rights activists charge Williams did not press Chinese officials strongly enough on issues of religious freedom.

California City Will Settle Lawsuit By Christian Dance Group

The city of Chula Vista, California has agreed to settle a suit filed last year on behalf of the Jesus Christ Dancers-- a group of six girls who were excluded from performing last year in the city's Holiday Festival even though a Hawaiian prayer dance group was allowed to perform. Subsequently the mayor apologized to the Christian dance group and City Council agreed to permit religious expression at future Holiday Festivals. (See prior posting.) A federal court hearing on the settlement will be held Tuesday. Yesterday's San Diego Union Tribune reports that the settlement provides for the city to pay $31,000 in damages, and to furnish training to police officers and managers on First Amendment rights, particularly the rights of religious persons to express their faith in the public square.

Developments In RLUIPA Land Use Cases

There have been developments in two RLUIPA land use cases. The first is reported by today's Orange County (CA) Register. In Santa Ana, California, a federal district court granted the Quan Am Buddhist Temple of Garden Grove a temporary restraining order to permit it to hold worship services in several suites in an office building that it purchased almost two years ago. Several applications to build a Temple on the site have been rejected. (See prior posting.) Garden Grove’s City Manager says that his main concern has been to preserve valuable office space for the city. The judge’s order prohibits anyone from staying overnight or cooking over an open flame in the office building, and the Temple must bring all its rooms up to code within 30 days. UPDATE: The full decsion in Vietnamese Buddhism Study Temple in America v. City of Garden Grove, which granted a preliminary injunction (not a TRO) is now available at 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 81635 (CD CA, Oct. 20, 2006).

Meanwhile, according to today's South Florida Sun-Sentinel, the Hollywood, Florida, neighbors of a Chabad Lubavitch synagogue have appealed a federal district court ruling that precluded them from challenging the settlement of a religious discrimination lawsuit brought by Chabad against the city. (See prior posting.) The neighbors argue that the settlement created a zoning change to which they should have been able to object.

Recent Articles of Interest In Law and Religion

From NELLCO:
David A. Skeel, Jr., The Unbearable Lightness of Christian Legal Scholarship, (Aug. 2, 2006).

From SSRN:
Kathleen Boozang, Divining a Patient's Religious Beliefs in Treatment Termination Decision-Making, (Sept. 28, 2006).

Alan E. Brownstein, Taking Free Exercise Rights Seriously, (Sept. 21, 2006).

From SmartCILP:
Jim Wedeking, Quaker State: Pennsylvania's Guide to Reducing the Friction for Religious Outsiders Under the Establishment Clause. 2 New York University Journal of Law & Liberty 28-85 (2006).

Wisconsin Diocese Charged With Election Violations

Wisconsin election law requires any group that spends over $25 to support or oppose a state referendum to register with the State Elections Board. The Wisconsin Democracy Campaign (WDC) has sent a memo to the State Elections Board charging that the Catholic Diocese of Madison violated this provision when Bishop Robert Morlino passed out a flier to all parishioners urging them to support a November 7 constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriages. Channel 3000 today reports Morlino's response: "a law that tells me I should have recourse to the state or commission in order to teach the truth of Christ about marriage in my own churches is an obstacle to our own free expression of religion." WDC has also issued a release on the matter.

Evangelist's Tax Evasion Trial Continues

Today's Pensacola (FL) News Journal reports on the ongoing tax evasion trial in federal district court of Pensacola evangelist Kent Hovind. At Hovind's Creation Science Evangelism Ministry, which includes Dinosaur Adventure Land, Hovind has failed to withhold federal income, social security and medicaid taxes, taking the position that he and his employees work for God, are paid by God and therefore aren't subject to taxation. Yesterday, Rebekah Horton, senior vice president of Pensacola Christian College testified for the prosecution saying that tax evasion is against the Scriptures. Pensacola Christian College, concerned about its students who worked for Hovind, apparently brought the situation to the attention of the IRS.

Times Series On Religious Exemptions Continues, As Does Comment On It

The New York Times today ran a fifth installment of its series on the benefits religious organizations receive from regulatory and tax exemptions. (See prior posting.) Today's installment, titled Ministry's Medial Program Is Not Regulated, focuses on exemptions of medical bill-sharing ministries from state insurance laws. One such group, the Christian Care Ministry, is facing a hearing next week on a complaint by the Kentucky Office of Insurance that the organization should in fact have to register as an insurance company.

The Times series has led to an unusual amount of editorial comment, both pro and con. The Times itself ran an editorial last Monday that argued "the wall between church and state is being replaced by a platform that raises religious organizations to a higher legal plane than their secular counterparts." However, yesterday the Weekly Standard carried an article by John DiIulio, Jr., first director of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives, strongly critical of the New York Times series. [Thanks to Steven H. Sholk for the lead to the Weekly Standard.]

Chicago Suburb Sued Over Design Of Vehicle Stickers

In the Chicago suburb of Burbank, Illinois, Nichole Schultz filed suit this week because the city is requiring her to display a sticker on her automobile that she says endorses Christianity. The sticker depicts a soldier with a rifle, kneeling before a grave marked a cross. City officials say the cross is a generic symbol, while Shultz argues that the city is forcing her to Christianize her car. Today's Chicago Tribune reports that Schultz-- who apparently is an atheist-- is not asking the city to change the sticker, but instead is seeking an exemption from the requirement to display it. Earlier attempts to reach an out-of-court solution with the city failed. Now however the city says that Schultz could cover or cut out the cross on the sticker.

New York High Court Upholds Women's Health Act Under New State Constitutional Test

Yesterday in Catholic Charities of the Diocese of Albany v. Serio, NY Ct. App., Oct. 19, 2006), New York's highest court upheld a provision in the state's Women's Health and Wellness Act (WHWA) that requires faith-based organization to include contraceptive coverage for women in any prescription plan that they offer employees. (See prior posting.) The statute includes an exemption for most churches and religious schools where contraception is contrary to the institution's religious tenets. However, the exemption does not cover religiously affiliated social service agencies or hospitals. In this case, a group of ten faith-based social service agencies claimed that the law requires them to violate their religious beliefs by supporting conduct they believe to be sinful. However the court rejected both federal and state constitutional challenges to the law.

The court held that a First Amendment free exercise challenge failed under the Smith test, since this was a neutral law of general applicability. The fact that it exempts a narrow group of religious institutions from its coverage does not make it non-neutral. The more important part of the decision was the court's creation of a new test for free exercise of religion claims under Art. I, Sec. 3 of the New York constitution-- a test that is more protective of religion than the U.S. Supreme Court's Smith decision, but less protective than a "strict scrutiny" rule.

The court held that when general legislation creates an incidental burden on the free exercise of religion, "substantial deference is due the Legislature, and ... the party claiming an exemption bears the burden of showing that the challenged legislation, as applied to that party, is an unreasonable interference with religious freedom." In the court's view, plaintiffs here failed to show that the WHWA imposed an unreasonable interference. The state has a substantial interest in providing women with health care and institutions could ultimately avoid violating their religious principles by not offering prescription drug coverage at all. The court said that it would be a more difficult case if these institutions only hired employees who shared their views on the sinfulness of contraception.

Today's New York Law Journal carries an extensive analysis of the case.

Canadian Marriage Commissioner Appeals Gay-Marriage Requirement

LifeSite News yesterday reported on a case pending in a Manitoba (Canada) Court of Queen's Bench brought by a former provincial marriage commissioner who was forced to surrender his license after he refused to perform same-sex marriages. After the legalization of same-sex unions in Canada in 2004, Manitoba adopted a policy requiring commissioners to perform them. However Ken Kisilowsky says that the policy violates his evangelical Christian beliefs. Clergy are not required to perform same-sex marriage, but others who hold licenses as marriage commissioners are. After the Manitoba Human Rights Commission rejected his religious discrimination claim, he filed the pending appeal. A number of marriage commissioners in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and British Columbia have resigned over similar requirements. [Thanks to Alliance Alert for the lead.]

Missouri School Board Asked To Reinstitute "Christmas" Break

In Strafford, Missouri, supported by 30 people in attendance at the meeting, Dee Wampler last week asked the Strafford School District to change the name of "Winter Break" to "Christmas Break". The Springfield, Missouri News Leader reported today that Wampler told the board: "I'm not here today to say this is a religious thing. I'm saying this is our history, our national tradition, that we should recognize." However, others clearly thought it was a religious issue. Dennis Gromer, husband of a Strafford teacher and a local said, "This is a chance for us as Christians to make a stand on what we say that we stand for." No action will be taken until the Board discusses next year's calendar at its January meeting.

IRS Complaint Filed Against Church For Pastor's Political Endorsement

Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics has filed a complaint with the Internal Revenue Service against a Brooklyn Park, Minnesota church alleging that the church violated the terms of its tax exempt status when its minister personally endorsed a Congressional candidate from the pulpit last Saturday night. Yesterday the Associated Press reported that Rev. Mac Hammond of the Living Word Christian Center says that he misunderstood IRS guidelines, and says that this will not happen again. Speaking at the church, Republican candidate Michele Bachmann said that God had called on her to run for Congress. Videos of Bachmann's speech at the church can be viewed on YouTube.

New York Court of Claims Lacks Jurisdiction Over RLUIPA Cases

In a decision handed down two months ago, the New York State Court of Claims held that it lacks jurisdiction over a damage claim brought under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act alleging that a state prisoner's right to religious freedom was violated. In Gill v. State of New York, (NY Ct. Cl., Aug. 28, 2006), the court held that while state courts have concurrent jurisdiction with federal courts to adjudicate RLUIPA claims, New York law has not given jurisdiction in such cases to the Court of Claims. The court also held that damages from the state are not available for a violation of the New York constitution's protection of free exercise of religion, and that the state Supreme Courts, and not the Court of Claims, have jurisdiction over violations of New York's Correction Law, Sec. 610, that protects the free exercise of religion by prison inmates.

European Court OKs Turkish School's Required Photo Without Headscarf

On Monday, the European Court of Human Rights rejected an attack on regulations promulgated by Turkey's Higher Education Council, according to a report in Zaman. After losing in Turkey's administrative courts and State Council, Emine Arac, a student at the Marmara University Theology Faculty, appealed to the European Court claiming that her school required her to submit a picture of herself without her headscarf when she registered for classes. However the court held that the requirement does not violate the protections for religion and expression, or infringe the right to an education, guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights.