Recent Articles of Interest

From SSRN:

• Patrick McKinley Brennan, The Place of 'Higher Law' in the Quotidian Practice of Law: Herein of Practical Reason, Natural Law, Natural Rights, and Sex Toys, (Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy, Forthcoming).
• Bailey H. Kuklin, The Natures of Universal Moralities, (Brooklyn Law Review, Forthcoming).
• Preston C. Green & Joseph Oluwole, Hein v. Freedom from Religion Foundation and Taxpayer Standing, (Wayne Law Review, Vol. 54, No. 3, 2008).

From SmartCILP:

• Scott Atran & Robert Axelrod, Reframing Sacred Values, 24 Negotiation Journal 221-246 (2008).
• John R. Dorocak, The Income Tax Exclusion of the Housing Allowance for Ministers of the Gospel per I.R.C. Section 107: First Amendment Establishment of Religion or Free Exercise Thereof--Where Should the Warren Court Have Gone?, 54 South Dakota Law Review 233-252 (2009).
• Stephen P. Halbrook, "Arms in the Hands of the Jews are a Danger to Public Safety": Nazism, Firearm Registration, and the Night of the Broken Glass, 21 St. Thomas Law Review 109-141 (2009).
• Andrew S. Mansfield, Religious Arguments and the United States Supreme Court: A Review of Amicus Curiae Briefs Filed by Religious Organizations, 7 Cardozo Public Law Policy & Ethics Journal 343-394 (2009).
• Eugene R. Milhizer, So Help Me Allah: An Historical and Prudential Analysis of Oaths as Applied to the Current Controversy of the Bible and Quran in Oath Practices in America, 70 Ohio State Law Journal 1-71 (2009).
• A David Pardo, Judicial Discretion in Talmudic Times and the Modern Era, 7 Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal 429-454 (2009).
• Steven D. Smith, Discourse in the Dusk: The Twilight of Religious Freedom?, (Reviewing Kent Greenawalt, Religion and the Constitution--Volume 2: Establishment and Fairness.) 122 Harvard Law Review. 1869-1907 (2009).

Texas Board of Education Appoints Social Science Review Panel-- Half Christian Conservatives

According to Dan Quinn of the Texas Freedom Network, writing last week at Talk to Action, the Texas State Board of Education has now made public the entire panel of experts it has appointed to review the state's social studies curriculum. It is evenly divided between mainstream academics and Christian religious conservatives. The academics are Prof. James Kracht of Texas A&M, Prof. Jesus Francisco de la Teja of Texas State University- San Marcos and Prof. Lybeth Hodges of Texas Woman's University. The three religious conservatives, all of whom apparently reject notions of separation of church and state, are Rev. David Barton of WallBuilders, Rev. Peter Marshall who runs Peter Marshall Ministries, and Prof. Daniel Dreisbach of American University in Washington, D.C. The panel is charged with reporting back to the Board by June 29. The panel will also review the work of teams of teachers and others working on revision,s, in anticipation of Board action next year. [Thanks to Scott Mange for the lead.]

Faith-Based Critic Joins White House Task Force Looking At Reform

Interfaith Alliance president Welton Gaddy--a critic of the White House's faith-based office-- has been invited to become a member of the White House Task Force that is studying ways to reform the Office on Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships. Dan Gilgoff (US News) interviewed Gaddy, who said in part:

I have thought all along it would be best not to have such an office, and I still have that opinion. But if there's going to be an office, I want to do everything I can to see that it is constitutional in nature and that it operates both legally and in the spirit of protecting the First Amendment's historic separation between religious institutions and government institutions.... [R]eligious organizations that receive federal funds should, at minimum, establish separate 501c3 [nonprofit] organizations as a firewall of protection both for religion on the one hand and government on the other.

[Thanks to Don Byrd for the lead.]

Permanent Injunction Issued To Protect Christian Gay Pride Protesters

Last year a Missouri federal district court issued a preliminary injunction preventing enforcement of a St. Louis city ordinance that prohibits distribution of literature in public parks. The lawsuit was brought by a Christian ministry and individuals connected with who who were prevented from handing out religious literature and expressing religious beliefs during the 2006 gay pride festival. (See prior posting.) Now, in time for this year's Gay Pride festival to be held June 27-28, the parties have agreed to convert the preliminary injunction into a permanent injunction. In Apple of His Eye Inc. v. City of St. Louis, Missouri, (ED MO, June 11, 2009), the court enjoined any total ban on distribution of literature in public parks and ordered city officials to meet with PrideFest organizers to tell them that a total ban will not be enforced. It also enjoined enforcement of provisions that made distributors responsible for proper disposal of handbills. However the city may enforce its content-neutral ordinances that bar placing handbills on vehicles and impeding pedestrian or vehicular traffic, and may enforce its nighttime park curfew. Alliance Defense Fund issued a release announcing the decision.

Diocese Seeks Reconsideration of Court Order To Release Documents

According to the New York Times, on Friday the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bridgeport asked the Connecticut Supreme Court to reconsider its 4-1 decision from last month ordering the release some 12,600 pages of documents filed in 23 cases alleging sexual abuse by Roman Catholic clergy. (See prior posting.) The Diocese asks for all 7 justices to reconsider the order, arguing that the ordered release violates its First Amendment free exercise rights as well as the privacy rights of many named in the documents. The Diocese also argues that the trial judge who originally ruled in the case should have recused himself because of his work on a panel studying the release of public records. Also on the panel was a Hartford Courant reporter. The Courant was one of four newspapers that brought the suit seeking release of the clergy-abuse records.

3 Cases From South Asia Involve Killing of Christians

From South Asia comes three stories of murder of Christians impelled by religious fanaticism. In Kathmandu, Nepal, police have arrested 27-year old Sita Shrestha. Bos News today reports that the woman confessed to planting a bomb in the Church of the Assumption, a Roman Catholic Church near Kathmandu, on May 23. The blast killed three people and wounded over a dozen others. Shrestha was inspired by the extremist Nepal Defence Army that aims to expel non-Hindus from Nepal and make Hinudism the country's official religion.

Worthy News yesterday reported on an incident in Pakistan's Punjab province. A Christian bus passenger, Ishtiaq Masih, was beaten to death by the owner and employees of a roadside tea stand in the village of Machharkay where the bus had stopped for a rest room break. A sign at the Makah Tea Stall proclaimed, under threat of "dire consequences," that: "All non-Muslims should introduce their faith prior to ordering tea. This tea stall serves Muslims only." Apparently Masih did not notice the sign when he ordered his tea. However the owner, 42 year old fundamentalist Muslim Mubarak Ali, saw that Masih was wearing a necklace with a cross.

Again from rural Punjaab Province In Pakistan, Digital Journal today reports on the kidnappping, torture and murder of 28-year old Tariq "Litto" Mashi Ghauri, a Christian University student, who was found in a compromising position with his Muslim girlfriend, Shazi Cheema. Cheema's three brothers told Ghauri to convert to Islam and marry their sister. Ghauri agreed to the marriage, but refused to convert.

Time Profiles Public Opinion About Mormons

The June 22 issue of Time Magazine carries an article titled The Storm Over the Mormons. Here is an excerpt:

The passage of [California's] Prop 8 was the church's latest display of its power: individual Mormons contributed half of the proposition's $40 million war chest despite constituting only 2% of California's population. LDS spokesman Michael Otterson says, "This is a moment of emergence."

But that emergence has its costs. Even as Mormons have become more prominent, they have struggled to overcome lingering prejudices and misrepresentations about the sources of their beliefs. Polls suggest that up to half of Americans would be uncomfortable with a Mormon President.... The LDS ... sees itself as primarily apolitical; on issues on which it has taken a stand, the church's positions have been roughly consistent with other conservative faiths. But Mormon activism, when it occurs, does differ from the American norm in significant ways, because of both the dominating role played by LDS President and Prophet Thomas Monson and the church's remarkable electoral cohesion.

Hindu Leader Opposes Planned USCIRF Trip To India

The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom is planning to visit India this month, with a particular focus on past violence against Christians in the state of Orissa and Hindu-Muslim violence in Gujarat in 2002. Christians have welcomed the upcoming visit. (Asia News, 5/4.) However a report today by the Sakaal Times says that Hindu religious leader Shankaracharya Jayendra Saraswati has told reporters he opposes the USCIRF visit:

We will not allow interference in our internal religious affairs by external bodies. We see US Commission on Internal Religious Freedom (USCIRF) as an intrusive mechanism of a foreign government which is interfering with the internal affairs of India.

Recent Prisoner Free Exercise Cases

In Soder v. Williamson, (3d Cir., June 5, 2009), the U.S. 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal of a prisoner's lawsuit that alleged, among other things, that his free exercise rights were violated when he had to wait 24 days for a chest x-ray after refusing for religious reasons to have a TB test by injection.

In Hudson v. Radtke, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 47453 (WD WI, June 5, 2009), a Wisconsin federal district court held that plaintiff failed to show that prison authorities substantially burdened his free exercise of religion by failing to return two books, The Noble Quran and Two Faces of Islam, to him.

In McCord v. Hompe, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 47450 (WD WI, June 5, 2009), a Wisconsin federal district court dismissed plaintiff's complaint that the segregation library at the Stanley Correctional Institution has no books on the Wiccan religion . It held that plaintiff presented no current case or controversy because he had been moved to a different prison facility.

In a lengthy opinion in Burke v. North Dakota Department of Corrections & Rehabilitation, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 47957 (D ND, June 5, 2009), a North Dakota federal district court rejected free exercise and religious discrimination claims by a shaivite Hindu who was in prison after murder and arson convictions. Prisoner Dale Burke claimed that prison authorities reduced the time for Hindu worship services from two to one hour per week, eliminating services on Thursdays; denied him certain items that are essential parts of Hindu worship; and failed to find an outside volunteer to help Burke study his religion.

In McReaken v. Schriro, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 48292 (D AZ, May 26, 2009), an Arizona federal district court permitted plaintiff to move ahead with his claim that his Multi-Faith group's religious ceremonies were frequently interrupted by security staff and that they had to be held in an open recreation yard. Plaintiff alleged that prison policies gave more favorable treatment to Native American ceremonies than to other non-Christian groups.

Spain Considering Creating Religiously Neutral Public Spaces

CNA reported last week that Spain's ruling Socialist government is considering eliminating religious symbols in military barracks, hospitals, jails and public schools, as well as during State funerals or inauguration ceremonies for public officials. Minister of Justice Francisco Caamano suggested the move as part of an attempt to create "religiously neutral public spaces."

Rev. Wright Apologizes For Remarks About Jews

The Washington Post reports that Rev. Jeremiah Wright says he misspoke Wednesday (see prior posting) when he referred to "them Jews" who, he charged, blocked his access to President Barack Obama. He says he meant to refer to Zionists. He apologized, saying he meant no ill-will to the Obama administration or the American Jewish community. He says he is disturbed that his comments have resurfaced the debate about his relationship with the President.

Belarus Continues To Act Against Unregistered Churches

Forum 18 yesterday reported on the ongoing battles between the government and unregistered churches in Belarus. The Council of Churches Baptist refuses to accept registration requirements. Baptist Nikolai Poleshchuk was fined the equivalent of $745 (US) for running a Christian street library-- apparently the largest fine yet imposed for this type of violation. Another defendant received a warning from the court. Meanwhile the Belarus Supreme Court amended an earlier lower court order requiring Christian literature seized from Poleshchuk's street library destroyed. Instead it ordered that the literature be handed over to the state.

Obama's Former Pastor Says Jews, AIPAC Have Too Much Influence Over President

The Newport News (VA) Daily Press yesterday reported on a short, but controversial, interview by one of its reporters with Barack Obama's former pastor, Rev. Jeremiah Wright. Obama publicly broke with Wright and his Trinity United Church Of Christ in May 2008 after he earlier criticized remarks made by Wright. Asked yesterday if he had spoken with Obama since the election, Wright said: " Them Jews ain't going to let him talk to me. I told my baby daughter that he'll talk to me in five years when he's a lame duck, or in eight years when he's out of office. ..." Wright also blamed Jews and AIPAC for Obama's decision not to send a delegate to the Durban Review Conference, and called Israel's actions in Gaza "ethnic cleansing."

Indiana Church Wins Tax Exemption Appeal

St. George Serbian Orthodox Church in Schererville, Indiana has prevailed in the Indiana Tax Court in its attempt to obtain a religious purposes tax exemption for a Cultural Center it built in 2001. In Lake County Property Tax Assessment Board of Appeals v. St. George Serbian Orthodox Church, (IN Tax Ct., May 7, 2009), the court rejected the county's contention that the facility is merely a banquet hall. Evidence showed the Cultural Center was used for religious purposes 63% of the time. In a companion decision, St. George Serbian Orthodox Church v. Lake County Property Tax Assessment Board of Appeals, (IN Tax Ct., May 7, 2009), the Indiana Tax Court held that a non-code statutory provision, apparently enacted solely to apply to St. George's case, cured any questions of the timeliness of St. George's application for an exemption. Today's Gary (IN) Post Tribune reports that taxes, penalties and fees totalling $470,599 were at issue in the case for the 3-year period covered by the decisions.

Texas Court Finds No Jurisdicion In Defamation Suit Against Church and Its Pastor

In In re Rick Godwin, (TX Ct. App., June 10, 2009), a Texas state appellate court applied the ecclesiastical abstention doctrine to find that civil courts lack jurisdiction over actions for defamation, intentional infliction of emotional distress and fraud brought by a former member of Eagle's Nest Christian Fellowship Church against the church and its pastor Rick Godwin. Plaintiff Larry Nail had been a member and generous donor to the church. He began to criticize the church's financial expenditures. He resigned over the matter and began urging others to do the same. In response, Godwin read from the pulpit a statement drafted by him and the church's Board of Elders defending the church and accusing Nail of bribing members to leave the church. The court concluded that reading of the statement involved maters of internal church discipline and governance, and that Nail's challenge to the manner that church funds were spent would involve the court in an impermissible inquiry into religious doctrines and practices.

Today's San Antonio Express-News reports on the decision. The paper had previously detailed the alleged improper expenditures by the church, which included charter jet travel, expensive gifts and luxury hotel stays for Godwin, his wife and associates, some of whom set his compensation. Subsequently Godwin says he paid back personal expenses and changed church financial policies with the advice of a law firm. (See prior related posting.)

California Court Says Episcopal Church Owns Break-Away Parish's Property

In Huber v. Jackson, (CA Ct. App., June 9, 2009), a California appellate court held that the Episcopal Church and its Diocese of Los Angeles are the owners of the property of St. Luke's parish. The congregants of St. Luke's voted in 2006 to break away from the Episcopal Church and affiliate with the more conservative Anglican Church of Uganda. Applying "neutral principles" of law (as required by a recent California Supreme Court decision), the court found that St. Luke's had agreed to be bound by the governing documents of the Episcopal church, and this includes Canon I.7.4 which provides that all parish property is held in trust for the national church and its diocese:

as a matter of law that when defendants voted for disaffiliation, they denounced their prior promises to be subject to the governing documents of the national church and the diocese, abandoned their membership in the corporation, and lost the power and authority to be directors of the corporation, as they were no longer members in good standing of the Episcopal Church. Thus, their purported amendment of the articles of incorporation and bylaws to make the corporation part of the Anglican Church were a legal nullity, or ultra vires.

The court also rejected the argument that a 1981 decision collaterally estopped the Episcopal Church from asserting title to parish property.

House Subcommittee Holds Hearings On China's Persecution of Uighurs

Yesterday, the House Foreign Affairs Committee, Subcommittee held a hearing on on International Organizations, Human Rights and Oversight held hearings on "The Uighurs: A History of Persecution." Uighus are Muslims who live in China's East Turkestan, and have been the subject of cultural and religious oppression by the Chinese Communists. The full text of opening statements by Rep. Bill Delahunt's (D-MA) and Rep. Dana Rohrabacher's (R-CA) are available online, as are the prepared statements by Ms. Felice D. Gaer, Chair of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom; Ms. Kara Miriam Abramson, Advocacy Director, Congressional-Executive Commission on China; Mrs. Rebiya Kadeer, World Uyghur Congress; and Mr. Nury Turkel, Uighur Rights Activist and Attorney. The hearings came just as the nation of Palau announced that it would allow the 17 Chinese Muslim Uighurs now being held at Guantanamo Bay to "temporarily resettle" in Palau. (New York Times.)

Idaho Group Circulating Petition To Get Vote On Bible Course In Schools

In Idaho, a group calling itself Our Godly American Heritage is circulating an initiative petition seeking to get a proposed state constitutional amendment on the ballot. Tuesday's Idaho Statesman reports that the "Initiative Allowing School Boards to Permit the Bible to be Studied as Literature and for its Influence on History" would provide that school boards could offer elective non-doctrinal classes that focus on the Bible. Backers need 51,000 signatures to get the proposal on the ballot.

Ohio Science Teacher Sues School Board For Religious Discrimination

Mt. Vernon, Ohio science teacher, John Freshwater, has filed a federal civil rights lawsuit against the city school district's board of education and various school officials, alleging that attempts to fire him were prompted by the fact that he kept his personal Bible on his desk. The 16-count complaint (full text) in Freshwater v. Mount Vernon City School District Board of Education, (SD OH, filed 6/10/2009) was filed just as the June 18-19 administrative hearing on Freshwater's termination approaches. Yesterday's Mount Vernon News reports on the lawsuit filed by the middle school teacher, indicating that he is seeking $500,000 compensatory damages and $500,000 punitive damages.

The Board last year voted to dismiss Freshwater after a report by a consulting firm concluded that he taught creationism or intelligent design in class, told his class that anyone who is gay is a sinner, improperly used an electrostatic device to put a cross on the arm of a student, was excessively involved in the school's Fellowship of Christian Athletes and was insubordinate in failing to remove religious materials when ordered to do so by his principal. (See prior posting.) Freshwater's lawsuit alleges that the Board's action amounted to religious discrimination and a denial of procedural due process. The complaint also alleges a number of other causes of action, including defamation and breach of contract.

Singapore Court Sentences Christian Couple To 8 Weeks In Jail For Distributing Gospel Tracts

Both the Taiwan News and the Straits Times today report on the 8-week jail sentence imposed by a court in Singapore on a Christian couple convicted last month in the country's first full trial under the Sedition Act. Ong Kian Cheng and his wife Dorothy Chan Hien Leng were charged with giving copies of Christian publications titled "The Little Bride" and "Who is Allah?" to Muslims who were offended by them. The couple have been distributing Gospel tracts for 20 years. Police found 439 copies of 11 tracts deemed seditious at the couple's condominium. The sentencing judge said that the tracts "have the capacity to undermine and erode the delicate fabric of racial and religious harmony in Singapore."