In Britain yesterday, a High Court judge upheld the policy of a leading government-funded Jewish school to give preference in admissions to "children who are recognised as being Jewish by the Office of the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregation of the Commonwealth (OCR)." In
R(E) v. Governing Body of JFS, (High Ct. QB Adm. Ct., July 3, 2008), three families were challenging the refusal of the Jewish Free School (JFS) to admit their children because they were not considered to be Jewish under Orthodox Jewish law. In each case, the child's mother had converted to Judaism. While normally the child of a Jewish mother is considered to be Jewish, in these cases for various reasons the mothers' conversions were not recognized as valid under Orthodox Jewish law. In the case of the lead plaintiff, the conversion had been performed by a rabbi in the Progressive movement. The court summarized the issue:
As will become apparent, the religious issue at the heart of this controversy – though not, I emphasise, a matter for determination by me – is the answer to the question, Who is a Jew? And, as will also become apparent, that is not a matter on which all those who conscientiously believe themselves to be Jews agree.
The main contention in the case by plaintiff was that JFS had engaged in
racial discrimination in violation of the
Race Relations Act 1976 since the determination of Jewishness was not based on belief or religious practice, but on ancestry. The court concluded, however, that
what one has here ... is at most discrimination on religious grounds between one part and another part of what the law recognises as a racial (ethnic) group, but ... not race discrimination.... [A] a policy which permitted preferences only on the basis of religious practice would prejudice religions, such as Judaism, which define membership exclusively by status and not by practice or observance.
Times Online reports on the decision. (See
prior related posting.)
