First Sikh Inaugural Ball Will Be Held

The Sikh Community Center announced this week that the first ever Sikh Inaugural Ball will be held in Washington, D.C. on January 20. The Sikh Inaugural Ball Inaugural Committee will hold the event a few blocks from the White House, at Ascot, I-The Indian Experience Restaurant. No more than 300 tickets will be sold.

3 Faith-Based Leaders Among 24 Recipients of Presidential Citizens Medal

On Wednesday, President Bush awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal to 24 individuals (including one posthumously). Three of the recipients, as described by a White House news release, were honored for their faith-based activities:

Charles W. Colson: For more than three decades, Chuck Colson has dedicated his life to sharing the message of God’s boundless love and mercy with prisoners, former prisoners, and their families. Through his strong faith and leadership, he has helped courageous men and women from around the world make successful transitions back into society. The United States honors Chuck Colson for his good heart and his compassionate efforts to renew a spirit of purpose in the lives of countless individuals.

John P. Foley, S.J.: Father John Foley has successfully reached some of our Nation’s most vulnerable youth and instilled in them a love of learning. Through his spiritual leadership of a faith-based education system that partners with the community, he has provided opportunities for young people to achieve their dreams. The United States honors Father John Foley for his commitment to helping his fellow citizens lead lives of integrity and achievement.

Timothy R. Scully, C.S.C.: Father Timothy Scully has committed his life to strengthening communities through faith-based education that prepares individuals for a lifetime of achievement, service, and compassion. Through his leadership at the University of Notre Dame, he has developed innovative ways to support under-resourced schools. The United States honors Father Timothy Scully for demonstrating that every human being has boundless potential.

The Medal was created in 1969 by Executive Order 114994. According to the official website for the Medal, it is intended "to recognize U.S. citizens who have performed exemplary deeds of service for the nation." Approximately 100 people have been awarded the Medal since 1969.

Federal Court Preliminarily Enjoins South Carolina "I Believe" Plates

A South Carolina federal district court has issued a preliminary injunction barring the state of South Carolina from further advertising, distribution or production of its controversial "I Believe" license plate. In Summers v. Adams, (D SC, Dec. 11, 2008), the court found that plaintiffs have standing and had made a strong showing of the likelihood of success on their Establishment Clause challenge to the special plates. The plates feature the words "I Believe" with a cross superimposed on a stained glass window. The court said it was unlikely that the "I Believe Act" which authorized the plates passed any of the three prongs of the Lemon test. Defendants in the case were the Director of Motor Vehicles, as well as the Director of the Department of Corrections since the plates are apparently made in state prisons. A release from Americans United (which filed the case) applauding the ruling also has links to some of the briefs and pleadings. (See prior related posting.)

Australia High Court Gives Expansive Definition of Tax-Exempt Charity

In Commissioner of Taxation of the Commonwealth of Australia v Word Investments Limited, [2008] HCA 55 (Dec. 3, 2008), Australia's High Court held that "a company that conducted commercial businesses to raise funds for a missionary organisation was entitled to the status of a tax-exempt charity." (High Court press release). In a 4-1 decision, the court held that Word Investments, an investment business (which also formerly operated a funeral business), is a charitable institution because all of its profits support the Christian activities carried out by Wycliffe Bible Translators which is a recognized charity. Under its memorandum, Word's profits may not be distributed to its members. A report on the decision from the law firm of Corney & Lind says that the decision will now permit charities "to pursue 'asset protection' strategies, by incorporating separate entities to raise funds for their charitable purposes."

Court Dismisses Rabbi's Breach of Contract Claim On 1st Amendment Grounds

In Friedlander v. Port Jewish Center, (ED NY, Dec. 8, 2008), a New York federal district court dismissed a breach of contract claim brought by a rabbi against her congregation. Rabbi Ariel Friedlander was fired by her congregation after members complained about a number of things, most relating to the manner in which she conducted religious services and life cycle events. The court held that deciding the case would unduly entangle it in a religious dispute: "Here, adjudicating the Plaintiff’s claim would ... necessarily require the Court to review the Plaintiff’s performance of her rabbinical duties. This is precisely the type of inquiry that the First Amendment prohibits." [Thanks to Volokh Conspiracy for the lead.]

Suit Challenging Iowa State Employee Charity Rules Is Settled

An Alliance Defense Fund release reported Wednesday that a settlement has been reached in Association of Faith-Based Organizations v. Anderson, a lawsuit challenging the exclusion of religious charities from the Iowa One Gift program under which state employees can designate participating charities to receive their contributions withheld by payroll deduction. (See prior posting.) The regulations, challenged on First Amendment grounds, excluded from participation any charitable organization that "engages in any way in sectarian activities," advocates "religious viewpoints," or "discriminates" on the basis of religion in employment. Under the settlement, the state Department of Administration has amended its rules so they exclude only charities that fail to comply with Iowa's ban on employment discrimination. Iowa law includes an an exemption for the faith-based hiring policies of religious employers. The Sioux City Gospel Mission, a member of the Association of Faith Based Organizations that brought the lawsuit, has already been approved to participate in the One Gift program under the new rules.

New Jersey Panel Recommends Permitting Same-Sex Marriage

The New Jersey Civil Union Review Commission yesterday submitted its final report titled The Legal, Medical, Economic & Social Consequences of New Jersey's Civil Union Law. The report recommends that the state legislature and Governor "expeditiously" change the law to permit same-sex couples to marry. A portion of the 79-page report discusses testimony in opposition to same-sex marriage. It states in part:

Some witnesses opposed to same-sex marriage testified concerning their understanding of the meaning and authority of Biblical scripture.... While the Commission also heard considerable testimony to the contrary, it is not the role of this Commission to comment on the merits of religious tenets or faiths of any of the witnesses who testified. This Commission recommends that the civil institution of marriage be extended to same-sex couples.

The Review Commission's website links to extensive background material, including transcripts of Commission hearings. An AP story discusses the Commission's report.

Group Criticizes French Report On Religious Sects

The Institute on Religion and Public Policy yesterday wrote to French President Nicolas Sarkozy to express concerns about recommendations in a 2008 Report to the Prime Minister by a government agency known as the Inter-Ministerial Mission to Fight Against Sectarian Deviations, or MIVILUDES. (Full text of letter.) According to an IRRP press release, the recommendations on dealing with religious sects:

would reform laws to limit the free practice of religion of minority groups. Groups on France's "sect" list include Southern Baptists, Hasidic Jews and Buddhists.... [T]he report classes "victims" of sects into three categories: "1) 'followers who are not yet conscious of being victims;' 2) former followers and 3) 'victims' families." The MIVILUDES report further prescribes ways to intervene for 'victims.' The recommendations include having judges place 'consenting victims' under guardianship and the creation of mobile intervention cells each with a psychologist expert on sects who could intervene during police operations or custody matters.

The letter to Sarkozy was based on a Memorandum from IRRP's committee of experts which concludes:

These measures contravene fundamental human rights principles articulated in international instruments that France has signed and ratified as well as decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the UN Human Rights Committee interpreting the right to religious freedom and the State’s corresponding duty of religious neutrality and impartiality. Under these circumstances, these recommendations should not be transposed into law.

Senate Resolution Condemns Mumbai Attack, Opposes Religious Extremism

The U.S. Senate on Tuesday passed S. Res. 724, condemning the recent terrorist attack in Mumbai, India. In addition to calling upon Pakistan to root out extremism and calling on President-elect Obama to bolster counter-terrorism cooperation with India, the resolution:

urges bolstered United States efforts to develop and implement policies and projects to combat all forms of religious extremism, including anti-Semitism, in order to deter the type of targeted attacks like that waged against the Chabad Lubavitch center in Mumbai.

Senators Casey and Voinovich, co-sponsors of the Resolution issued a press release announcing Senate passage of the measure.

Sikh Wins Religious Bias Complaint Against CA Corrections Department

Yesterday's Sacramento Bee reports on a recent California State Personnel Board administrative law judge's decision finding that the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDC) discriminated against a Sikh applicant for employment. Trilochan "Obe" Oberoi met most of the requirements for being hired as a prison guard. However, CDC refused to allow him to take the gas mask fit test unless he shaved his beard. The ALJ, finding religious discrimination, said that CDC has allowed correctional officers with skin problems that prevent shaving to use an alternative type of mask. He wrote: "it is difficult to imagine why [CDC] cannot extend the same accommodation to [correctional officers] who cannot shave for religious reasons." CDC has until Dec. 18 to appeal the decision.

11th Circuit Hears Arguments In Christian Fraternity's Bid For Recognition

Yesterday, the U.S. 11th Circuit Court of Appeals heard oral arguments in Beta Upsilon Chi v. Machen, a case in which BYX, a Christian fraternity, is challenging the University of Florida's refusal to grant it recognition. University rules prohibit religious (and other) discrimination by recognized student organizations. BYX requires its members to believe in Jesus. In May, a Florida federal district court refused to issue a preliminary injunction against the University. However in August, the 11th Circuit ordered the University to grant recognition to the fraternity while its appeal is pending. (See prior posting.) The AP reports that BYX argued to the court that the University's policy threatens its core beliefs. University's counsel responded that recognized student groups are an extension of the educational process and should be open to all. BYX can maintain its current policy and continue to operate on campus without recognition. However this will mean it is not eligible for funding, priority use of facilities, access to certain bulletin boards, listing in University publications, a University website and email address.

Court Allows Menorah Again In Downtown Poughkeepsie

Articles last week and this week in the Poughkeepsie Journal report on efforts by a local Chabad rabbi in Poughkeepsie, New York, to again erect a 22-foot tall menorah on downtown city property as he has done each Hanukkah since 1996. In the past, city workers have helped him put it up. However this year, the city (along with four intervenors) sued claiming that the use of city workers violates the Establishment Clause.

After complaints last year, the city adopted a policy barring city workers from helping to put up any displays, but allowing anyone to place religious or secular holiday symbols on a specified city-owned vacant lot. Rabbi Yacov Borenstein wants to continue to use the traditional city site for his display, and wants a city "cherry picker" truck to lift him to the top of the menorah for the daily lighting ceremonies. Trial court Justice James D. Pagones ruled yesterday in favor of Rabbi Borenstein, in part because the city traditionally uses tax money to put up wreaths on downtown utility poles and to decorate Christmas trees on city-owned property. He wrote that excluding the menorah would have the principal effect of promoting Christianity and inhibiting Judaism in violation of the Establishment Clause.

UPDAATE: On Dec. 16, a state appellate court judge refused to stay Judge Pagones' ruling pending appeal. (Poughkeepsie Journal).

Articles Analyze Background of Nigeria's Muslim-Christian Violence

Nigeria's Daily Sun this week published an extensive two-part article explaining the background of the recent much-publicized Muslim-Christian violence in the city of Jos. (See prior posting.) Part 1 of the article titled Beyond the Black Friday in Jos says that "an incendiary mix of factors including politics, ethnicity, religion and class combine to create ideal circumstances for sectarian violence" which is common in northern Nigeria. Part 2 says that "the Federal Government must work on erecting a wall of separation between religion and politics," including an end to sponsorship of Mecca and Jerusalem pilgrimages. It also complains that "a frightening number of our young people are unemployed, unschooled and unskilled. They live on the margins of the society from where they can be recruited to torch churches and mosques or to blow up oil pipelines." It analyzes the cause: "some politicians come in the name of Allah; others come in the name of Jesus. The end result is the same – the plunder of the treasury and the impoverishment of the people."

Transcript Available Of Today's SCOTUS Arguments In Iqbal Case

The U.S. Supreme Court today heard oral arguments in Ashcroft v. Iqbal (Docket No. 07-1015), an appeal growing out of claims that the U.S. government engaged in religious, racial and national origin discrimination in its arrest and subsequent treatment of more than 700 Muslim or Arab men treated as persons of "high interest" after the 9/11 attacks. This case was brought by Pakistani Muslim, Javaid Iqbal, who was placed in solitary confinement for almost six months. He was ultimately deported. Among the defendants named in Iqbal's lawsuit are former Attorney General John Ashcroft, and FBI Director Robert Mueller. The government claimed that they should be dismissed on the basis of qualified immunity. However the Second Circuit disagreed. (Full text of 2nd Circuit decision.)

Here is the government's description of the issues in its petition for certiorari:

The court of appeals held that cabinet-level officers and other high-ranking officials-in this case, a former Attorney General and the incumbent Director of the FBI-may be subjected to discovery and the demands of litigation (at least through the summary judgment stage) in this Bivens action based on bare and conclusory allegations that they knew about and condoned the allegedly discriminatory actions of much-lower-level officials in the Department of Justice in responding to an unprecedented national-security crisis. In addition, the Second Circuit's decision effectively holds that high- ranking officials-including Cabinet officers-may be held potentially liable in Bivens suits on a constructive notice theory that is tantamount to imposing respondeat superior liability.

Today the Los Angeles Times and the AP report on the arguments presented. The full transcript of the arguments is now available, as are all the briefs of the parties and amici.

Today Is 60th Anniversary of Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Today is the 60th anniversary of the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 18 of the document provides:

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

President Bush yesterday issued a Proclamation (full text) declaring December 10 as Human Rights Day; December 15 as Bill of Rights Day; and the week beginning December 10 as Human Rights Week.

In Britain, the National Secular Society is marking the day by launching the "One Law for All" campaign inthe House of Lords-- a campaign against the use of Sharia law in Britain. According to an NSS press release: "The campaign calls on the UK government to recognise that Sharia law is arbitrary and discriminatory and for an end to Sharia courts and all religious tribunals on the basis that they work against and not for equality and human rights. The campaign also calls for the Arbitration Act 1996 to be amended so that all religious tribunals are banned from operating within and outside of the legal system."

Arizona Supreme Court Hears Arguments On School Vouchers

Attorneys yesterday presented oral arguments to the Arizona Supreme Court in Cain v. Horne, a case testing the constitutionality of two Arizona school voucher programs. An Arizona appellate court had held that while the programs do not violate the Religion Clause of Arizona's constitution, they do violate the separate state constitutional ban on aid to private or sectarian schools. (See prior posting.) The Arizona Capitol Times reported on the arguments, which focused on whether families receiving vouchers, rather than the schools, are the "true beneficiaries" of the state funds. Voucher opponents argued that the state voucher plans effectively reroute funds intended for public schools into private schools in violation of the drafters' desire to protect the public school system and avoid forcing citizens to pay for religious instruction with which they disagree. Before the hearing, hundreds of voucher supporters demonstrated near the court.

Sacristan Gets Unemployment Comp Despite Firing For Opposing Parish Policy

In Czajka v. Department of Employment Security, (IL App., Dec. 5, 2008), an Illinois appellate court overturned the denial of unemployment compensation benefits to Carmen Czajka, a sacristan at the Saint Liborius School responsible for keeping the sacristy clean. She was fired because of her disagreement with a Parish program that would show school children a film, followed by discussions, concerning inappropriate physical contact. She had contacted parents warning them about the program and telling them that they could opt out of the video which Czajka believed "bordered on pornography." The court said: "there simply is no evidence demonstrating that [Czajka] engaged in the conduct with an awareness of any rule or policy forbidding her from expressing her views to parishioners." It also concluded that her actions did not cause harm to the parish. Finding these grounds on which to overturn the denial of benefits to Czajka, the court said it need not decide her First Amendment challenge to the denial of benefits.

Proposal To Protect Scientology From Picketing Tabled

The Riverside, California Board of Supervisors yesterday decided that the proposed cure was worse than the disease as they voted to defer further consideration of an anti-picketing ordinance that had been introduced in response to repeated protests against the Church of Scientology by the international group "Anonymous" that opposes Scientology. The San Diego Union Tribune reports that the tabled proposal would have restricted "targeted picketing" in unincorporated communities to at least 300 feet away from the subject's residence. Council members were concerned that they were being drawn into a religious dispute, and that, in any event, merely moving a protest away from Scientology's San Jacinto compound to a different location does not solve the problem.

Oral Arguments Heard In Missouri Baptist Dispute

The Associated Baptist Press yesterday reported on arguments presented on Nov. 25 to a Missouri state appellate court in the latest installment in a dispute between the Missouri Baptist Convention (MBC) and five institutions that amended their charters to break away from MBC in 2000 and 2001. The institutions apparently disagreed with the fundamentalist stance of new leaders of MBC. (Background.) One of those institutions, Windermere Baptist Conference Center, was the focus of this appeal from a trial court decision that had upheld the change in the Windermere's articles of incorporation. At issue are questions under Missouri's non-profit corporation law as to who could properly vote on the article amendments. Windermere argues that it has no members, so its directors are the proper parties to vote. MBC on the other hand argued that it was the sole member of Windermere and that it controls amendments. The website missouribaptists.org says that MBC has spent $3.7 million in its lawsuits attempting to reassert control over the five break away institution. (See prior related posting.)

Ads Countering Humanists To Appear On D.C. Busses

Washington Post columnist John Kelly yesterday reported on the response being mobilized to ads recently placed on D.C. buses by the American Humanist Association. The Humanists' ad reading "Why believe in a god? Just be good for goodness' sake" has generated considerable reaction. (See prior posting.) Now former Capitol Hill staffer Jo Ellen Murphy has raised nearly $9000 for counter-ads that will begin running on buses next week. They will show the Sistine Chapel's image of God's finger reaching out to Adam, with the added words: "Why Believe? Because I created you and I love you, for goodness' sake. -- God." Murphy's campaign has its own website, "I Believe Too" which features a photo of the ad. A separate group, Pennsylvania Friends in Christ, will be running ads reading: "Believe in God. Christ is Christmas for goodness sake."