I do not see that the feelings of discomfort or exclusion which he has, and which he says are shared by a number of other actual or possible Councillors in the minority on this issue, should be regarded as a discriminatory disadvantage when its elimination would prevent the degree of comfort or composure which the majority seek being achieved, merely substituting one set of uncomfortable feelings for another.However, according to today's Telegraph, Communities and Local Government Secretary Eric Pickles says that Britain's new Localism Act 2011 which will become effective in the next few weeks gives Councils a new “power of competence” to determine their own procedures. According to Pickles, this new power should be broad enough to allow Councils to include prayers to open their meetings.
Sunday, February 12, 2012
British Court Rules On Opening Town Council Meetings With Prayer
The dispute over opening city council sessions with prayer which has surfaced in many U.S. cities has now, according to the Telegraph, also become the subject of legal dispute in Britain. A trial court has ruled in a challenge to the practice brought by the National Secular Society and a secular member of Council in the town of Bideford. In National Secular Society v. Bideford Town Council, (EWHC, Feb. 10, 2012), the London High Court held that under the Local Government Act 1972, there is no statutory authority for a town council to have prayers or a period of quiet reflection as a part of the Council's business. It went on to hold, however, that if prayer were permitted, it would not violate the religious discrimination provisions of the Equality Act 2006 (now replaced by the Equality Act 2010). The court, referring to claims by the secular member of Council, said in part:
Recent Prisoner Free Exercise Cases
In Sharp v. Johnson, (3d Cir., Feb. 9, 2012), inmates who were members of the Habashi sect of Sunni Islam sought, and were refused, separate religious services from the existing Sunni services. In affirming the district court's judgment for defendants, the 3rd Circuit held that RLUIPA does not impose liability for damages in suits against defendants in their individual capacities. It also held that prison officials, in defending against a 1st Amendment free exercise claim, have the burden to show a connection between a restriction and penological interests, but the trial court error in that regard did not matter because here defendants had qualified immunity.
In Davis v. Castelloe, (4th Cir., Feb. 2, 2012), the 4th Circuit, reversing the district court, held that an inmate's free exercise claim survives frivolity review. The district court (2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152786, ED NC, April 15, 2011) had dismissed plaintiff's claim that religious property belonging to him, including a prayer book, other books, a rosary and a crucifix were destroyed by the chaplain who was "anti-Catholic" and who denied the Catholic community equal time as other religious groups.
In Damron v. Jackson, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13359 (SD OH, Feb. 3, 2012), an Ohio federal district court denied a motion to amend its earlier decision that rejected a complaint over a prison's refusal to permit separate congregate worship services for Christian Separatist adherents.
In Lindh v. Warden, Federal Correctional Institution, Terre Haute, Indiana, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13121 (SD IN, Feb. 3, 2012), an Indiana federal district court, in a lawsuit by convicted enemy combatant John Walker Lindh, held that recitation of the 5 daily Muslim group prayers is a religious exercise based on Lindh's sincerely held religious beliefs. But genuine issues of material fact remain as to whether a restriction on group prayer substantially burdened Lindh's free exercise and, if it did, whether the government showed a compelling interest and least restrictive means.
In Thaxton v. Simmons, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12841 (ND NY, Feb. 2, 2012), a New York federal district court adopted a magistrate's recommendations (2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13555, Jan. 5, 2012) and dismissed an inmate's claim that his free exercise rights were violated when his kosher food tray was contaminated on two occasions.
In Lister v. Coleman, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15016 (ND OH, Feb. 6,2012), an Ohio federal district court held that an inmate had not sufficiently alleged a free exercise claim through a general allegation that he was denied the right to purchase religious items to practice his Native American Indian religion.
In Martz v. SCI-Coal Township Therapeutic Community, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15821 (MD PA, Feb. 8, 2012), a Pennsylvania federal district court permitted an inmate to proceed against certain defendants on his complaint that he was required, in order to receive favorable parole consideration, to complete a substance abuse program that violated his religious beliefs.
In Porter v. Van Tatenhove, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15396 (WD MI, Feb. 8, 2012), a Michigan federal district court rejected claims by an inmate that he had the right to have his religious name, which he legally adopted after his commitment, appear on his prison pass.
In Johnson v. Alvarez, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14253 (D NV, Feb. 7, 2012), a Nevada federal district court denied an inmate a preliminary injunction, rejecting his claim that he was disciplined for disobedience solely because he was a Muslim practicing his religious beliefs.
In North v. Clarke, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15204 (ED VA, Feb. 7, 2012), a Virginia federal district court granted an inmate summary judgment, holding that a Department of Corrections policy that allows inmates to receive music and religious CD's, but not secular spoken-word CD's, violates the 1st and 14th Amendments. However, the court denied an award of damages on qualified immunity grounds.
In Cottier v. Schaeffer, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14062 (D SD, Feb. 6, 2012), a South Dakota federal district court held that plaintiff failed to plead facts to support his claim that, while in prison, he has not been permitted to "worship through ceremonials and traditional rites of the Lakota Nation."
In Turner v. Gibson, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16065 (ED CA, Feb. 9, 2012), a California federal magistrate judge dismissed, with leave to amend, an inmate's complaint that Catholic, Muslim, Buddhist and Jewish prisoners in administrative segregation are not provided spiritual counseling or services.
In Colvin v. Caruso, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16151 (WD MI, Feb. 9, 2012), a Michigan federal district court, in a case on remand from the 6th Circuit, issued declaratory relief finding that a Department of Corrections policy that provides a prisoner's religious menu is to be revoked for mere possession of "any food item that violates a tenet of his or her designated religion" violates prisoners' free exercise rights. Here plaintiff was taken off a kosher diet after a non-kosher powder protein supplement was found in his cell.
In Davis v. Castelloe, (4th Cir., Feb. 2, 2012), the 4th Circuit, reversing the district court, held that an inmate's free exercise claim survives frivolity review. The district court (2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152786, ED NC, April 15, 2011) had dismissed plaintiff's claim that religious property belonging to him, including a prayer book, other books, a rosary and a crucifix were destroyed by the chaplain who was "anti-Catholic" and who denied the Catholic community equal time as other religious groups.
In Damron v. Jackson, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13359 (SD OH, Feb. 3, 2012), an Ohio federal district court denied a motion to amend its earlier decision that rejected a complaint over a prison's refusal to permit separate congregate worship services for Christian Separatist adherents.
In Lindh v. Warden, Federal Correctional Institution, Terre Haute, Indiana, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13121 (SD IN, Feb. 3, 2012), an Indiana federal district court, in a lawsuit by convicted enemy combatant John Walker Lindh, held that recitation of the 5 daily Muslim group prayers is a religious exercise based on Lindh's sincerely held religious beliefs. But genuine issues of material fact remain as to whether a restriction on group prayer substantially burdened Lindh's free exercise and, if it did, whether the government showed a compelling interest and least restrictive means.
In Thaxton v. Simmons, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12841 (ND NY, Feb. 2, 2012), a New York federal district court adopted a magistrate's recommendations (2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13555, Jan. 5, 2012) and dismissed an inmate's claim that his free exercise rights were violated when his kosher food tray was contaminated on two occasions.
In Lister v. Coleman, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15016 (ND OH, Feb. 6,2012), an Ohio federal district court held that an inmate had not sufficiently alleged a free exercise claim through a general allegation that he was denied the right to purchase religious items to practice his Native American Indian religion.
In Martz v. SCI-Coal Township Therapeutic Community, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15821 (MD PA, Feb. 8, 2012), a Pennsylvania federal district court permitted an inmate to proceed against certain defendants on his complaint that he was required, in order to receive favorable parole consideration, to complete a substance abuse program that violated his religious beliefs.
In Porter v. Van Tatenhove, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15396 (WD MI, Feb. 8, 2012), a Michigan federal district court rejected claims by an inmate that he had the right to have his religious name, which he legally adopted after his commitment, appear on his prison pass.
In Johnson v. Alvarez, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14253 (D NV, Feb. 7, 2012), a Nevada federal district court denied an inmate a preliminary injunction, rejecting his claim that he was disciplined for disobedience solely because he was a Muslim practicing his religious beliefs.
In North v. Clarke, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15204 (ED VA, Feb. 7, 2012), a Virginia federal district court granted an inmate summary judgment, holding that a Department of Corrections policy that allows inmates to receive music and religious CD's, but not secular spoken-word CD's, violates the 1st and 14th Amendments. However, the court denied an award of damages on qualified immunity grounds.
In Cottier v. Schaeffer, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14062 (D SD, Feb. 6, 2012), a South Dakota federal district court held that plaintiff failed to plead facts to support his claim that, while in prison, he has not been permitted to "worship through ceremonials and traditional rites of the Lakota Nation."
In Turner v. Gibson, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16065 (ED CA, Feb. 9, 2012), a California federal magistrate judge dismissed, with leave to amend, an inmate's complaint that Catholic, Muslim, Buddhist and Jewish prisoners in administrative segregation are not provided spiritual counseling or services.
In Colvin v. Caruso, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16151 (WD MI, Feb. 9, 2012), a Michigan federal district court, in a case on remand from the 6th Circuit, issued declaratory relief finding that a Department of Corrections policy that provides a prisoner's religious menu is to be revoked for mere possession of "any food item that violates a tenet of his or her designated religion" violates prisoners' free exercise rights. Here plaintiff was taken off a kosher diet after a non-kosher powder protein supplement was found in his cell.
Saturday, February 11, 2012
7th Circuit: Appeal of Orders In Land Transfer To Catholic School Is Moot and Untimely
In Wirtz v. City of South Bend, (7th Cir., Feb. 7, 2012), the U.S. 7th Circuit Court of Appeals dismissed as untimely and moot an appeal by the city of South Bend, Indiana of two orders by the trial court in litigation over the city's transfer of property to a Catholic high school for an athletic complex. A district court rejected two plans for the transfer, on Establishment Clause grounds (see prior posting), but ultimately approved the transfer under an arrangement where the Catholic school was the highest bidder. In an appeal from the district court's approval of the transfer, the city seeks to challenge the two previous orders that disapproved earlier plans, arguing that they create precedent that will prevent the city from transferring land to religious institutions in the future. The court said that the city should instead have filed a timely appeal from the first denials.WSBT-TV reports on the decision.
Christian Evangelists May Continue Suit Against Dearborn Over Arrests
In Acts 17 Apologetics v. City of Dearborn, (ED MI, Feb. 7, 2012), a Michigan federal district court refused to grant summary judgment to the City of Dearborn in a suit against it by three Christian evangelists who sued over their arrest and subsequent breach of the peace trial for proselytizing Muslims at Dearborn's Arab International Festival. Plaintiffs assert 12 causes of action growing out of their treatment. The court held that on the facts of this case, a state court's finding that authorities had probable cause to arrest defendants does not preclude the federal court from reexamining that issue. The Dearborn Press & Guide reports on the decision. (See prior related posting.)
British Appeals Court Upholds Damages For Religious Refusal To Rent Hotel Room To Same-Sex Couple
In Bull v. Hall & Preddy, (EWCA, Feb. 10, 2012), the Court of Appeal of England and Wales upheld a damage award against a Christian couple who operated a hotel for refusing, on religious grounds, to rent a double-bedded room to a same-sex couple that had reserved it. The court held that the refusal amounted to direct discrimination in violation of the Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007. Appellants argued that applying the Regulations to them violated their right of thought, conscience and religion protected by Art. 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The court rejected the argument. Lady Justice Rafferty in her opinion wrote:
Whilst the Appellants’ beliefs about sexual practice may not find the acceptance that once they did, nevertheless a democratic society must ensure that their espousal and expression remain open to those who hold them. It would be unfortunate to replace legal oppression of one community (homosexual couples) with legal oppression of another (those sharing the Appellants’ beliefs); rather there should be achieved respect for the broad protection granted to religious freedom.... Any interference with religious rights.... must satisfy the test of `anxious scrutiny’. However, in a pluralist society it is inevitable that from time to time, as here, views, beliefs and rights of some are not compatible with those of others. ...I do not consider that the Appellants face any difficulty in manifesting their religious beliefs, they are merely prohibited from so doing in the commercial context they have chosen.The Telegraph reports on the decision. (See prior related posting.)
Supreme Court Review Sought In Mt. Soledad Cross Case
A petition for certiorari (full text) was filed with the U.S. Supreme Court on Thursday in City of San Diego v. Trunk, (cert. filed 2/9/2012). In the case, a 3-judge panel of the 9th Circuit held that the now federally-owned Mt. Soledad Memorial featuring a 43-foot high cross conveys a government message of endorsement of religion that violates the Establishment Clause. Subsequently the full 9th Circuit refused an en banc rehearing. However 5 judges, joined an opinion dissenting from the denial of en banc review. (See prior posting.) Liberty Institute issued a press release on the filing of the petition for review with the Supreme Court. AP reports that a rally by 75 supporters to mark the filing of the petition also drew three dozen opponents.
Friday, February 10, 2012
Obama Adopts New Compromise On Contraceptive Coverage; Opponents Say It Is Insufficient
As reported by CNN, President Obama today announced a compromise in the dispute over whether health insurance policies offered to employees by religiously affiliated institutions will need to cover contraceptive services. (See prior related posting.) According to a Fact Sheet released by the White House, "if a woman works for religious employers with objections to providing contraceptive services as part of its health plan, the religious employer will not be required to provide contraception coverage, but her insurance company will be required to offer contraceptive care free of charge." The Becket Fund quickly issued a press release calling the White House's new policy a "false compromise," explaining:
First, hundreds if not thousands of religious organizations self insure, meaning that they will still be forced to pay for these services in violation of their religious beliefs. Second, it is unclear which religious organizations are permitted to claim the new exemption, and whether it will extend to for-profit organizations, individuals, or non-denominational organizations. Third, money is fungible, and many religious organizations may still object to being forced to pay money to an insurance company which will turn around and provide contraception to its employees for free.UPDATE: The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops also issued a statement on Friday (full text) saying that while the new policy requires careful moral analysis, the "only complete solution" is is for HHS to rescind the coverage mandate.
Texas Graduation Prayer Litigation Settled
Apparently bowing to the trial court judge's pressure to settle the case (see prior posting), the parties yesterday entered a settlement agreement (full text) in Schultz v. Medina Valley Independent School District, (WD TX, Feb. 9, 2012). The suit, filed by Americans United, challenged the school district's plan to include student-led prayers in its graduation ceremony. The settlement covers not only graduation prayer, but a range of issues relating to religion in the public schools. (AU press release). Under the settlement, the valedictorian or class president can deliver remarks at graduation. The school may not suggest, revise or edit the content of the remarks, and must deliver an oral and written disclaimer stating that students' remarks reflect their personal views and are not endorsed by the school. In this context, a prayer by a graduation speaker is permitted, but school district personnel on stage may not stand during the student prayer. The settlement also bars school teachers and administrators during school or school-sponsored activities from proselytizing, initiating prayers or joining students in prayer. Officials will not display religious symbols or quotations in school. No prayer will be included at football games, scholarship ceremonies or award banquets. The District will disclaim sponsorship of student speeches at games and activities. The school district will offer annual training for personnel as to student rights and will include information in the student handbook on the issue of religion in schools.
The court's Order approving the settlement (full text) reflected Judge Biery's idiosyncratic style. The judge not only added an Appendix captioned An Ironic Venue for Separation of Church and State Litigation, but also added a "Personal Statement" to the Order. The Statement reads:
The court's Order approving the settlement (full text) reflected Judge Biery's idiosyncratic style. The judge not only added an Appendix captioned An Ironic Venue for Separation of Church and State Litigation, but also added a "Personal Statement" to the Order. The Statement reads:
During the course of this litigation, many have played a part:
To the United States Marshal Service and local police who have provided heightened security: Thank you.
To those Christians who have venomously and vomitously cursed the Court family and threatened bodily harm and assassination: In His name, I forgive you.
To those who have prayed for my death: Your prayers will someday be answered, as inevitably trumps probability.
To those in the executive and legislative branches of government who have demagogued this case for their own political goals: You should be ashamed of yourselves.
To the lawyers who have advocated professionally and respectfully for their clients' respective positions: Bless you.The San Antonio Express-News reports on these developments.
Suit Filed Challenging Forest Service Approval of Jesus Statue
On Wednesday, the Freedom From Religion Foundation announced that it filed a federal lawsuit challenging the U.S. Forest Service's recent renewal of a permit for the Knights of Columbus to continue to display of a statue of Jesus near the top of a ski lift at the Whitefish Mountain Resort in Montana's Flathead National Forest. (See prior posting.) The complaint (full text) in Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc. v. Weber, (D MT, filed 2/7/2012), alleges that the continued authorization of the statue violates the Establishment Clause. It claims that the actions of the Forest Service "in perpetuating a religious shrine on federal property, give the public appearance of government endorsement of religion, including an unmistakable symbolic link between the government and religion." The suit asks the court to order withdrawal of the permit and removal of the statue from Forest Service property. The American Center for Law and Justice quickly announced that it would file an amicus brief supporting the constitutionality of the statue. The Flathead (MT) Beacon reports on the lawsuit.
Suit Challenges 10 Commandments Monument At A New Mexico City Hall
The ACLU of New Mexico announced yesterday that it has filed a federal lawsuit on behalf of two Bloomfield, NM citizens seeking removal of a large Ten Commandments monument erected last year on the lawn of city hall. The complaint (full text) in Felix v. City of Bloomfield, New Mexico, (D NM, filed 2/8/2012), asserts that the monument violates the Establishment Clause. The complaint chronicles the various resolutions adopted by city council, largely at the urging of then council-member Kevin Mauzy, that led to the authorization of the monument. Among other things, the complaint contends that the city's religious purpose in authorizing the monument is demonstrated by the close working relationship that Mauzy had with the Alliance Defense Fund in obtaining city authorization. The Farmington (NM) Daily Times reports on the lawsuit.
Catholic News Organization Sues Over Contraception Coverage Mandate
The Becket Fund announced yesterday that it has filed a federal lawsuit in Alabama on behalf of a non-profit Catholic news organization challenging the application to it of the federal Mandate under the Affordable Care Act requiring health insurance policies (with limited exceptions) to cover contraceptive services for women. The complaint (full text) in Eternal Word Television Network, Inc. v. Sebelius, (ND AL, filed 2/9/2012), alleges that EWTN, founded in 1981 by a cloistered nun, has grown to now become the largest Catholic media network in the world with 340 employees. The complaint asserts:
EWTN also issued a statement announcing the lawsuit, saying in part:
UPDATE: According to Friday's Detroit Free Press, Michigan state attorney general Bill Schuette say he will take the lead in assembling states to file an amicus brief supporting the Becket Fund's position in the three cases.
28. As part of its commitment to Catholic social teaching, EWTN promotes the well-being and health of its employees. In furtherance of these beliefs, EWTN has striven over the years to provide employee health coverage superior to coverage generally available in the Alabama market.
29. Moreover, as part of its religious commitment to the authoritative teachings of the Catholic Church, EWTN ensures that its insurance policies do not cover drugs, devices, services or procedures inconsistent with its faith. In particular, EWTN has taken great pains through the years to ensure that its insurance plans do not cover sterilization, contraception, or abortion.The complaint claims that the mandate violates the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, the Free Exercise, free expression and Establishment clauses of the 1st Amendment, as well as the Administrative Procedure Act.
EWTN also issued a statement announcing the lawsuit, saying in part:
"We are taking this action to defend not only ourselves but also to protect other institutions – Catholic and non-Catholic, religious and secular – from having this mandate imposed upon them".... "The government is forcing EWTN, first, to inform its employees about how to get contraception, sterilization and abortifacient drugs, a concept known as forced speech. To make the matter worse, the government then will force EWTN to use its donors' funds to pay for these same morally objectionable procedures or to pay for the huge fines it will levy against us if we fail to provide health care insurance.Becket Fund had previously filed two similar lawsuits (see prior posting 1, 2) on behalf of religiously-affiliated universities. Discussion of the Mandate in the media has generally focused on Catholic universities and hospitals. This appears to be the first significant challenge brought by an organization outside those two categories. ABC News reports on the new lawsuit.
UPDATE: According to Friday's Detroit Free Press, Michigan state attorney general Bill Schuette say he will take the lead in assembling states to file an amicus brief supporting the Becket Fund's position in the three cases.
University May Fire Human Resources VP For Expressing Her Religiously-Based Views On Gays
In Dixon v. University of Toledo, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14934 (ND OH, Feb. 6, 2012), an Ohio federal district court upheld action by the University of Toledo in dismissing the Associate Vice President for Human Resources who, based on her religious views, published (without identifying her position with the University) a response to an op-ed in a local newspaper in which she objected to the idea that homosexuals are "civil rights victims" and said that homosexuality is purely a choice. In her suit challenging her dismissal, plaintiff alleged free speech and equal protection violations, repeatedly citing her religious views. The court held that plaintiff's free speech rights were not infringed because the nature of her position with the University meant that her statement could disrupt the Human Resources Department and cause prospective employees who are gay or lesbian to reconsider or withdraw their applications. Her statement could also lead to challenges to her employment decisions. The court also rejected plaintiff's equal protection claim.
Thursday, February 09, 2012
Alleged West Point Establishment Clause Violation Would Not Support Relief Sought By Plaintiff
In Spadone v. McHugh, (D DC, Feb. 8, 2012), plaintiff was any Army recruit who had been expelled from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point after he plagiarized an essay in an Advanced Composition class. In suing to seek reinstatement, he claimed, among other things, that West Point violated the Establishment Clause when a panel investigating charges against him concluded he had not properly shown contrition or accepted responsibility and ordered him to stand with his body rigid in a military posture and to read aloud the "Cadet’s Prayer." The court concluded that even if plaintiff was correct, the violation would yield an order barring forced religious prayer, and not the preliminary injunction plaintiff sought ordering him re-enrolled in West Point.
Tribal Free Exercise Challenge To Road Project May Continue
In Slockish v. U.S. Federal Highway Administration, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14422 (D OR, Feb. 6, 2012), an Oregon federal district court adopted a magistrate's recommendations (2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152892, Sept. 21, 2011), and allowed members of the Yakima Nation Indian tribe to proceed with free exercise and RFRA claims against the Federal Highway Administration. In the case, plaintiffs claimed that a road widening project damaged sacred burial grounds, destroyed religious artifacts and buried a historic camp site, and that a new guard rail blocked their access to the camp site. The court, distinguishing the Supreme Court's decision in Lyng v. Northwest Indian Protective Association, held that there are disputes of fact that prevent granting summary judgment to defendants. The court, however, rejected a number of claims, including assertions of a protected right to maintain traditional culture and a claimed right of familial association to meditate and worship in the presence of ancestors.
U.S. Officials Help Mark Jewish Holiday of Tu Bishvat
Yesterday was the Jewish holiday of Tu Bishvat, a minor holiday also known as the "New Year of the trees." Haaretz reports that to commemorate the day, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Under-Secretary who oversees the U.S. Forest Service, Harris Sherman, planted a redwood tree in a ceremony held near USDA headquarters in Washington. Other Obama officials this week planted trees in Arizona, Colorado and Israel to mark the holiday.
Washington State Legislature Passes Same-Sex Marriage Bill With Protections For Religious Organizations
The Washington state legislature yesterday gave final passage, and sent to the governor for her signature, SB 6239 legalizing same-sex marriage in the state. The House of Representatives passed the bill by a vote of 55-43, after the state Senate passed it last week by a vote of 28-21. (See prior related posting.) CNN reports that Gov. Christine Gregoire will sign the bill that will go into effect in June at the end of the legislative session-- unless opponents place it on the November ballot to seek voter disapproval. The bill contains a number of provisions to protect churches, religious organizations and clergy. No member of the clergy is required to perform or recognized a same-sex marriage. No religious organization or religiously affiliated educational institution is required to provide accommodations, facilities (including campus chapels), goods or services related to the solemnization of a marriage. The bill also provides that:
No state agency or local government may base a decision to penalize, withhold benefits from, or refuse to contract with any religious organization on the refusal of a person associated with such religious organization to solemnize or recognize a marriage under this section.The bill defines "religious organization" to include faith-based social service organizations even if they offer services to the broader community.
11th Circuit: No Religious Discrimination In Lay Off of Christian Counselor
In Walden v. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (11th Cir., Feb. 7, 2012), the U.S. 11th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected claims by Marcia Walden, a counselor in an employee assistance program at the CDC, that her free exercise rights under the 1st Amendment and RFRA were violated when she was laid off because of the way in which she handled a client in need of same-sex relationship counseling. Walden was employed by Computer Sciences Corp. which ran the employee assistance program for CDC, and her lay off came when CDC insisted on it. Walden is a devout Christian who believes that same-sex relationships are immoral. She referred a CDC employee client to an outside counselor, telling the client that the referral was "based on my personal values". The client said she felt "judged and condemned" by this referral. Walden refused the suggestion that in the future in referring out a gay or lesbian client, she not say it is because of her values. The court concluded:
The record is devoid of evidence supporting Ms. Walden’s claim that either defendant called for her removal from the EAP contract due to her religiously-based need to refer clients who needed same-sex relationship counseling.
Instead, ... they were concerned that she would behave the same way [in referring out a client] if a similar situation were to arise in the future. And, significantly, Ms. Walden testified that it was not part of her “religious beliefs” to tell clients ... that she could not counsel them due to her religious beliefs or personal values. Instead, she said she wanted “to be honest with my clients.”... She ... explained that “it seemed unfair that [Ms. Doe] was able to talk about being gay and lesbian, and yet I couldn’t freely talk about me and my religious beliefs, or being Christian.... To me, it’s about honesty. If she can be honest – I mean, I should be honest about why I’m transferring her.”The court also rejected Walden's Title VII employment discrimination claim because reasonable accommodation had been offered by encouraging Walden to seek another position within the company. The Wall Street Journal yesterday reported on the decision.
Evolution Weekend Designed To Show Religious Acceptance of Science
This week end is the 7th annual Evolution Weekend, sponsored by the Clergy Letter Project. The weekend is designed to demonstrate that many religious faiths see no conflict between religion and science. The Project website says:
Religious people from many diverse faith traditions and locations around the world understand that evolution is quite simply sound science; and for them, it does not in any way threaten, demean, or diminish their faith in God. In fact, for many, the wonders of science often enhance and deepen their awe and gratitude towards God.
Wednesday, February 08, 2012
Suit Challenges Exclusion of Unvaccinated Students When Disease Occurs
Today's New York Daily News reports that two parents are suing school officials over decisions by two principals to send unvaccinated children home when other students at their schools contracted communicable diseases. Plaintiffs had invoked a state law that allowed them to object on religious grounds to having their children vaccinated. They are now challenging a Chancellor's regulation that allows principals to exclude unvaccinated children for up to 3 weeks when others have contracted measles, mumps, chicken pox or other similar diseases. Neither plaintiff would disclose their religious affiliation, but one explained: "It is my opinion that resorting to vaccinations demonstrates a lack of faith in God, which would anger God and therefore be sacrilegious." The suit was originally filed in state court but has been removed to federal district court in Brooklyn where the court may schedule an emergency hearing soon.
Indian Court Orders State To Pay For 2002 Riot Damage To Religious Buildings
The High Court in the Indian state of Gujarat today ordered the state government to pay compensation to over 500 religious structures that were damaged in riots in 2002, according to the Economic Times. More than 1000 people were killed in the 2002 Muslim-Hindu riots that followed the burning of a train that was transporting Hindu pilgrims. (Background.) The 3-judge court in Gujarat found that inaction and negligence by the state government in preventing the riots resulted in large-scale damage to religious structures. The court ruled in a case brought by the Islamic Relief Committee of Gujarat. The government has already paid damages for destruction of homes and commercial establishments. The High Court ordered the principal judges of the state's 26 districts to receive applications from religious organizations and send their decisions on them to the High Court within 6 months.
USCIRF Urges Obama To Raise Human Rights Issues With China's VP
Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping will be visiting the United States next week. (Voice of America). Yesterday, the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom sent a letter (full text) to President Obama urging him to raise human rights and religious freedom concerns during his meetings with Xi, and to take other suggested steps to demonstrate U.S. concern about human rights in China.
White House Suggests Some Bargaining Room On Contraceptive Coverage Mandate
Facing a continued barrage of criticism particularly from Catholic organizations over its mandate requiring coverage of contraceptive services in health insurance plans offered by religiously affiliated universities and hospitals, the White House yesterday suggested that there may be room for compromise. In the daily press briefing (full text), White House Press Secretary Jay Carney engaged in this exchange with reporters:
Q ... On the decision about the religious-affiliated groups and contraception, you were asked last week if there’s a debate within the administration about reconsidering, and you flatly said, no, the decision has been made. Does that absolutely remain the case, no reconsideration?
MR. CARNEY: It does. The President is committed to making sure that all women have access to these important preventive services. But I think it is important to remember what was clearly stated when this policy decision was announced and that is that we will be working with those organizations and individuals who have concerns about the implementation of this rule, and that’s why that time period of a full year beginning in August of 2012 was put into place because the President is very interested in finding the appropriate balance between religious beliefs and convictions -- and he takes those very seriously -- and his commitment to making sure that women of all faiths have access to these important health care preventive services. So that process will continue. And I think that that point was overlooked in the initial coverage of the decision....
Q ... [T]here’s a perception out there -- and in some cases David Axelrod’s comments led some to think that the very implementation you’ve talked about over the next year or so will lead to a different outcome, that in the rule-making, there will be some deal cut, some out given to get away from this controversy. Ultimately, no matter how it’s implemented, will the bottom line remain the same, that these organizations have to provide that contraceptive coverage?
MR. CARNEY: The President’s interest is in making sure that -- on the one side of this balance ... that all ... women here, have access to the same preventive care services.
He is also concerned about and understands the religious concerns that have been raised and takes seriously the religious convictions that are behind the concerns that have been raised. And we will work in this period to see if there is a way, to try to find a way to make sure that the implementation of the policy or to see if the implementation of the policy can be done in a way that allays some of those concerns.
But there are ways to I think help resolve this issue that ensures that we provide that important preventive service, that health care coverage, to all women, and that tries -- in a way that also tries to allay some of these concerns.The Los Angeles Times characterized Carney's comments as more a shift in emphasis than substance.
South Carolina Now Sells Specialty "I Believe" Plates
AP reported yesterday that South Carolina motorists can now purchase "I Believe" license tags. They have been available since January 4, when they were added to some 130 other specialty plates. By the end of January, 56 pf the new tags had been sold. Specialty plates cost an added $25 which goes to the sponsoring charity. The new plates are sponsored by www.IBELIEVEsc.net, which will use the profits for nonpolitical community efforts. The plates (photo) feature the letters "JC" between 3 crosses on a hill and the plate number, and also display the sponsoring charity's name. In 2009, a federal district court held that a special South Carolina government-sponsored statutory authorization of an "I Believe" license tag violated the Establishment Clause. (See prior posting.) The new plates are being issued under the general provisions of SCL Sec. 56-3-8000 "Non-profit organization license plates."
Tuesday, February 07, 2012
Split 9th Circuit Invalidates Proposition 8 Without Broadly Ruling On Same-Sex Marriage Right
The 9th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals today, in a 2-1 decision struck down California's Proposition 8 that eliminated the right-- previously created by the California Supreme Court's interpretation of the state constitution-- for same-sex couples to marry. In Perry v. Brown, (9th Cir., Feb. 7, 2012), [opinion on alternate website in case of traffic overload] Judge Reinhardt, in an opinion joined by Judge Hawkins, held that even though California may not have had the obligation to grant same-sex couples the right to marry, once it did, it could not take that right away without some legitimate reason for doing so. Here there was no legitimate reason. Instead, the majority concluded:
The Court unanimously held that the proponents of Proposition 8 had standing to bring the appeal, and unanimously refused to accept the argument that the decision should be vacated because of the trial judge's interest in being able to marry his own same-sex partner.
Washington Post reports on the decision.
Proposition 8 servers no purpose, and has no effect, other than to lessen the status and human dignity of gays and lesbians in California, and to officially reclassify their relationships and families as inferior to those of opposite-sex couples. The Constitution simply does not allow for "laws of this sort."The court briefly discussed the argument that Proposition 8 furthered a legitimate interest in protecting religious liberty. The majority said:
the religious-liberty interest that Proposition 8 supposedly promoted was to decrease the likelihood that religious organizations would be penalized, under California's antidiscrimination laws and other government policies concerning sexual orientation, for refusing to provide services to families headed by same-sex spouses. But Proposition 8 did nothing to affect those laws.... Amicus's argument is thus more properly read as an appeal to the Legislature, seeking reform of the state's antidiscrimination laws to include greater accommodations for religious organizations.Judge Smith dissented on this issue, concluding that people of California might have rationally believed that Proposition 8 is related to responsible procreation and optimal parenting.
The Court unanimously held that the proponents of Proposition 8 had standing to bring the appeal, and unanimously refused to accept the argument that the decision should be vacated because of the trial judge's interest in being able to marry his own same-sex partner.
Washington Post reports on the decision.
Bishops' Health Insurance Letter Created Special Issues For Military Chaplains
As previously reported, On Jan. 29 Catholic Churches around the country read similar letters from their local bishops condemning the Obama administration's new rules requiring contraception coverage by most health plans, with exemptions that are too narrow to include most Catholic schools and hospitals. It appears that the letter posed particular issues for Catholic chaplains in the U.S. military who received a letter to read from Archbishop Timothy Broglio, head of the Archdiocese for the Military Services USA. God and Country blog reports that Army’s Office of the Chief of Chaplains e-mailed senior chaplains advising them that Broglio had not coordinated the letter with the Chief of Chaplains Office. The e-mail advised chaplains not to read the letter from the pulpit, but instead to merely mention it in Mass announcements and distribute it in printed form in the back of the chapel. Archbishop Broglio, who apparently believed that this interference violated his religious liberty, contacted Army Secretary John McHugh. Their discussions led to the Army withdrawing its objections to the letter being read from the pulpit, but Broglio removing from the letter one sentence that could have been seen as encouraging civil disobedience. The sentence read: "“We cannot — we will not — comply with this unjust law"
France Opens First Municipal Muslim Cemetery
AFP and RFI report that on Monday, France opened its first municipal Muslim cemetery. France's 1905 law on the separation of church and state bars creating municipal cemeteries limited to only one religion. This means that cities have been limited to setting aside Muslim-only sections in existing cemeteries. However the new Muslim cemetery was opened in the city of Strasbourg in the Alsace-Moselle region which is subject to a different basic law because it came under French control only after World War I. Muslims in France see the new cemetery as an important symbol of their belonging after a series of measures aimed at maintaining France's secular tradition, such as one barring wearing the full-face veil (see prior posting), were perceived as anti-Muslim.
Monday, February 06, 2012
Court Says Christian Prayers At County Board Meetings Violate Establishment Clause
On Friday, a Virginia federal district court issued three separate opinions in Jane Doe v. Pittsylvania County, Virginia, (WD VA, Feb. 2, 2012). In the first opinion, the court denied defendants' motion to dismiss the lawsuit which challenges on Establishment Clause grounds the Pittsylvania County Board of Supervisors' practice of opening its sessions with Christian prayers.The court held that plaintiff, who regularly attends Board meetings, has standing to bring the challenge. The court also rejected defendants' arguments that doctrines of legislative immunity and privilege require dismissal. It concluded that plaintiff adequately alleged that the county's practice violates the Establishment Clause.
In a second opinion, the court granted a preliminary injunction, barring the county "during the pendency of this case, from continuing its present practice of routinely opening its meetings with Christian prayers." It held that plaintiff is "likely to prevail on her claim that the Board's practice of regularly opening meetings with prayers making specific reference to Jesus Christ constitutes government advancement and endorsement of one faith..."
Finally in a third opinion, the court held that plaintiff cannot continue to prosecute the case as "Jane Doe," but must furnish her actual name if she intends to proceed with the lawsuit. An ACLU press release reports on the decisions.
In a second opinion, the court granted a preliminary injunction, barring the county "during the pendency of this case, from continuing its present practice of routinely opening its meetings with Christian prayers." It held that plaintiff is "likely to prevail on her claim that the Board's practice of regularly opening meetings with prayers making specific reference to Jesus Christ constitutes government advancement and endorsement of one faith..."
Finally in a third opinion, the court held that plaintiff cannot continue to prosecute the case as "Jane Doe," but must furnish her actual name if she intends to proceed with the lawsuit. An ACLU press release reports on the decisions.
Recent Articles and Forthcoming Books of Interest
Articles from SSRN:
- Abdulla Galadari, Diversity in Heaven: Qur’anic Perspective Beyond Pluralism, (The International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities and Nations, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 135–150, 2012).
- Nina J. Crimm, Reframing the Issue and Cultivating U.S.-based Muslim Humanitarian Relief Organizations, (March 20, 2011).
- KIIT Law School, Shakti Deb, A Critical Analysis of Child Marriage Law in India with Special Reference to Hindu Law, (February 2, 2012).
Forthcoming books:
- Jonathan Haidt, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion, Random House, March 13, 2012).
- John J. Coughlin, Law, Person, and Community: Philosophical, Theological, and Comparative Perspectives on Canon Law, (Oxford Univ. Press, Feb. 2012).
- Martha C. Nussbaum, The New Religious Intolerance: Overcoming the Politics of Fear in an Anxious Age, (Harvard Univ. Press, March 19, 2012).
Sunday, February 05, 2012
Ron Paul Supporters Object To Religious Limits For Participating In Late Nevada Caucus
As previously reported, the Nevada Republican Party yesterday scheduled an evening caucus to accommodate Orthodox Jews who could not attend Saturday daytime caucuses for religious reasons. The New York Times reports, however, that the party required anyone attending the caucus to sign a declaration under penalties of perjury that he or she had been unable to attend a caucus earlier in the day because of "my religious beliefs." This would essentially limit participation to observant Jews and Seventh Day Adventists. However many Ron Paul supporters-- encouraged by Paul campaign robo-calls-- who had been unable to participate in earlier caucuses for other reasons tried to attend the evening caucus. Some who refused to sign the declaration were turned away. The Paul campaign Nevada chairman said that this amounts to illegally creating a religious test to vote, and suggested that a lawsuit could be forthcoming. Apparently a number of Paul supporters signed the declaration even though they had non-religious reasons for attending. At the caucus, Paul receive 183 votes-- nearly 58% of those cast in the caucus. This seems to be an unlikely result if the caucus was attended mainly by Orthodox Jews given Paul's views on Israel.
Challenge To Utah's Polygamy Law Can Proceed Against County Prosecutor
In Brown v. Herbert, (D UT, Feb. 3, 2012), a Utah federal district court held that members of an openly polygamous family (subjects of the television show Sister Wives) have standing to bring suit against the County Attorney to challenge the constitutionality of the state's Anti-Bigamy Statute. However the court dismissed for lack of standing their similar claims against Utah's governor and attorney general. Finding that Utah's Anti-Bigamy statute is generally considered moribund, the court held that plaintiffs needed to show threatening activities by government officials to show that a credible threat of prosecution exists. State officials had taken no action to credibly threaten prosecution. They have announced that they will not prosecute consenting adults for polygamy unless other crimes are also involved. However the Utah County prosecutor's office has taken threatening steps by opening an investigation that led plaintiffs to flee to Nevada. The court held that plaintiffs also have standing under a First Amendment chilling of speech theory. The Salt Lake Tribune reports on the decision.
O Centro Files Land Use Lawsuit Against New Mexico County
O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal (UDV), the religious group that in 2006 won in the Supreme Court the right to use hoasca-- sacramental hallucinogenic tea (see prior posting)-- has now filed a land use lawsuit against Santa Fe County, New Mexico. The Santa Fe New Mexican reports that the federal lawsuit, filed on Thursday, grows out of the county commission's 3-2 denial of UDV's application to build a new temple to replace its current facilities that it has outgrown. The complaint (full text) in O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal (UDV-USA) v. Board of County Commissioners of Santa Fe County, (D NM, filed 2/2/2012) charges in 8 counts that the county's denial violated the 1st and 14th Amendments, various provisions of RLUIPA, and the New Mexico Religious Freedom Restoration Act. [Thanks to Eric Rassbach via Religionlaw for the lead.]
Recent Prisoner Free Exercise Cases
In Johnson v. Hetzel, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 9033 (MD AL, Jan. 26, 2012), an Alabama federal district court adopted a federal magistrate's recommendations (2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152440, Dec. 12, 2011) and dismissed a Muslim inmate's claim that on one occasion while in a restricted privileges dorm he was not allowed to attend a Friday Jumah service.
In Bartholomew v. Moore, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10031 (ED CA, Jan. 26, 2012), a California federal magistrate judge recommended rejecting a Muslim inmate's complaint that his free exercise rights were violated when a prison officials insisted that if he wanted to work in the prison's metal fabricating plant he would be required to work on Fridays and miss Jumah services. The court also rejected the claim that plaintiff was not rehired in the prison job because he is a Muslim.
In Ryidu-x v. Wolfe, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11546 (D MD, Jan. 31, 2012), a Maryland federal district court rejected an inmate's claim that his constitutional rights were violated when authorities denied him mail order privileges, commissary items, and access to his prison records because of his use of his legally-recognized religious name.
In Sloane v. Neveda, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10400 (D NV, Jan. 30, 2012), a Nevada federal magistrate judge granted a Jewish inmate's motion to amend his complaint to add a free exercise claim against a shift supervisor who allegedly failed to protect Plaintiff's constitutional right to observe Passover by assuring delivery of Seder supplies on time and his right to eat only kosher for Passover meals. The court refused to permit amendments to add various equal protection claims.
In Vann v. Fischer, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11052 (SD NY, Jan.26, 2012), a New York federal district court denied a TRO and temporary injunction to an inmate who is a Santeria Practitioner who claimed that he was disciplined for wearing religious beads in ways that do not conform to prison rules and that his picture was taken wearing his religious beads.
In Jones v. Williams, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152524 (D OR, Jan. 25, 2012), an Oregon federal district court adopted a magistrate's recommendations (2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152523, Oct. 28, 2011), and dismissed a Muslim inmate's claims that his free exercise rights were violated when he was served pork on one occasion, was ordered to cook pork as part of his kitchen duties, and when grills were not adequately cleaned after frying pork.
In Aladimi v. Hamilton County Justice Center, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12283 (SD OH, Feb. 1, 2012), an Ohio federal magistrate judge recommended dismissing on statute of limitations and other pleading grounds a Muslim inmate's complaint that he was denied the right to pray 5 times a day, harassed when he attempted to pray and subjected to offensive remarks by clergy of other faiths who visited the jail where he was housed. The magistrate also recommended denying plaintiff's motion to file a second amended complaint.
In Mestre v. Wagner, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12093 (ED PA, Jan. 31, 2012), a Pennsylvania federal district court dismissed a Buddhist inmate's complaint that there was a 7-week delay in obtaining completely vegan meals.
In Johnson v. Nash, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11118 (D NV, Jan. 31, 2012), a Nevada federal district court adopted a magistrate's recommendations (2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152580, Sept. 1, 2011) and denied a Muslim inmate's request for a preliminary injunction against retaliatory cell searches. Plaintiff claimed that defendants destroyed his prayer rug by throwing four cartons of milk on it, and shipped out his copy of Islam in Focus because it was an Islamic book.
In Roy v. Dominguez, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11230 (ND IN, Jan. 31, 2012), an Indiana federal district court dismissed a former inmate's complaint that while in jail officials would not schedule Jehovah's Witness chapel services, but allowed plaintiff to move ahead with his claim that jail authorities made it difficult for his minister to give him spiritual guidance. NWI Times reports on the decision.
In Bartholomew v. Moore, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10031 (ED CA, Jan. 26, 2012), a California federal magistrate judge recommended rejecting a Muslim inmate's complaint that his free exercise rights were violated when a prison officials insisted that if he wanted to work in the prison's metal fabricating plant he would be required to work on Fridays and miss Jumah services. The court also rejected the claim that plaintiff was not rehired in the prison job because he is a Muslim.
In Ryidu-x v. Wolfe, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11546 (D MD, Jan. 31, 2012), a Maryland federal district court rejected an inmate's claim that his constitutional rights were violated when authorities denied him mail order privileges, commissary items, and access to his prison records because of his use of his legally-recognized religious name.
In Sloane v. Neveda, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 10400 (D NV, Jan. 30, 2012), a Nevada federal magistrate judge granted a Jewish inmate's motion to amend his complaint to add a free exercise claim against a shift supervisor who allegedly failed to protect Plaintiff's constitutional right to observe Passover by assuring delivery of Seder supplies on time and his right to eat only kosher for Passover meals. The court refused to permit amendments to add various equal protection claims.
In Vann v. Fischer, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11052 (SD NY, Jan.26, 2012), a New York federal district court denied a TRO and temporary injunction to an inmate who is a Santeria Practitioner who claimed that he was disciplined for wearing religious beads in ways that do not conform to prison rules and that his picture was taken wearing his religious beads.
In Jones v. Williams, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152524 (D OR, Jan. 25, 2012), an Oregon federal district court adopted a magistrate's recommendations (2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152523, Oct. 28, 2011), and dismissed a Muslim inmate's claims that his free exercise rights were violated when he was served pork on one occasion, was ordered to cook pork as part of his kitchen duties, and when grills were not adequately cleaned after frying pork.
In Aladimi v. Hamilton County Justice Center, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12283 (SD OH, Feb. 1, 2012), an Ohio federal magistrate judge recommended dismissing on statute of limitations and other pleading grounds a Muslim inmate's complaint that he was denied the right to pray 5 times a day, harassed when he attempted to pray and subjected to offensive remarks by clergy of other faiths who visited the jail where he was housed. The magistrate also recommended denying plaintiff's motion to file a second amended complaint.
In Mestre v. Wagner, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12093 (ED PA, Jan. 31, 2012), a Pennsylvania federal district court dismissed a Buddhist inmate's complaint that there was a 7-week delay in obtaining completely vegan meals.
In Johnson v. Nash, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11118 (D NV, Jan. 31, 2012), a Nevada federal district court adopted a magistrate's recommendations (2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152580, Sept. 1, 2011) and denied a Muslim inmate's request for a preliminary injunction against retaliatory cell searches. Plaintiff claimed that defendants destroyed his prayer rug by throwing four cartons of milk on it, and shipped out his copy of Islam in Focus because it was an Islamic book.
In Roy v. Dominguez, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11230 (ND IN, Jan. 31, 2012), an Indiana federal district court dismissed a former inmate's complaint that while in jail officials would not schedule Jehovah's Witness chapel services, but allowed plaintiff to move ahead with his claim that jail authorities made it difficult for his minister to give him spiritual guidance. NWI Times reports on the decision.
Saturday, February 04, 2012
Texas RFRA Claims Survive In Plano School "Candy Cane" Litigation
Yet another decision has been handed down in the 7-year litigation over Plano, Texas Independent School District rules that, among other things, prevented a student from handing out candy canes with attached religious messages. In Morgan v. Plano Independent School District, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12875 (ED TX, Feb. 1, 2012), a Texas federal magistrate judge summarized the prior history of the case:
This Court and the Fifth Circuit have upheld the 2005 policy as to its constitutionality. This Court has also upheld the facial constitutionality of the 2004 policy. The Fifth Circuit en banc has held that various administrators were entitled to qualified immunity. After seven years, the issues have narrowed. Yet, the case proceeds on with both parties having very divergent views of the law and how the law applies to the case.In this phase of the litigation, the school board sought dismissal of Plaintiffs' claims for monetary, injunctive and declaratory relief under both the Texas Constitution and the Texas Religious Freedom Restoration Act. The magistrate judge recommended dismissal of the state constitutional claims, but concluded that the school district had not met its burden under TRFRA to show a compelling interest in the manner that three children were prevented from handing out religious-themed tickets and pencils under their school's 2004 (as opposed to its 2005) policy. (See prior related posting.)
School Board Wants To Keep "Bible Man" Assemblies
In Jackson County, Alabama, for 35 years elementary schools have held regular student assemblies featuring "Bible Man" who tells students Bible stories. According to yesterday's Huntsville (AL) Times, school board members last Monday rejected a complaint filed by the Freedom from Religion Foundation on behalf of the parents of a North Sand Mountain School student. The Board is now attempting to work out a way to continue to legally hold the assemblies. School officials suggest that offering Bible Man during a free period in which students have the choice of other activities as well may be a solution. Until changes are implemented, Bible Man will not return to North Sand Mountain School. Alabama state senator Shadrack McGill, a supporter of Bible Man, said: "We were established to be a godly nation, a Christian nation. We need God in government. We need God in the public school." He suggested that those who oppose the practice should home school their children. [Thanks to Edward Still for the lead.]
Judge Issues Candid Memos In School Graduation Prayer Lawsuit
In May, Americans United filed a lawsuit challenging the Medina Valley, Texas Independent School District's plan to include student-led prayers in its graduation ceremony. The district court issued a broad preliminary injunction against prayer. (See prior posting.) The 5th Circuit quickly dissolved the preliminary injunction. (See prior posting.) Since then, Western District of Texas federal district Judge Fred Biery has filed several interim rulings with rather candid observations on the case which is captioned Schultz v. Medina Valley Independent School District. On Nov. 2, the court ruled on several motions, including allowing an amended complaint to be filed. In the opinion, Judge Biery said in part:
the parties are spending what appears to be inordinate amounts of money and time which could be better spent on educating students. That of course would require the parties, with the assistance of counsel, to find some reasonable compromise. Or as the modern urban philosopher Rodney King once said, “[C]an we all get along?”On Nov. 28, the court filed a memorandum titled Observations on Approaching Jury Trial suggesting that the school district had already made concessions that should be sufficient for the parties to reach a settlement. Judge Biery concluded his observations as follows:
Nevertheless, if the parties choose to spend more money and take more time away from educating students, the Court will proceed with logistical jury trial planning, though the Court believes both sides will rue such choice. Jesus of Nazareth and St. Paul express the same lesson this way: You shall reap what you shall sow and They know not what they do.In a Dec. 6 opinion, the court also expressed frank views on the decision of one of the plaintiffs to withdraw rather than disclose her identity as the court had said she must:
Throughout history, there have been people who take risks to stand up for what they believe to be right, and sometimes unfortunate consequences flow from their courage. Young people the same age as Corwin Schultz and Pat Doe lie in the cemeteries of Normandy because they did not shrink from their duty to scale the cliffs of Omaha Beach and ultimately defeat a government which would, if undefeated, have continued to oppress the Jewish minority.
Within the American Constitutional experience, Rosa Parks, Congressman John Lewis, and other African Americans could have gone quietly to the back of the bus, continued to go to separate restrooms and water fountains and subjugated their freedom and their right to vote to the will of the majority government holding power.Finally, on Feb. 4, the court issued an Advisory on the right of student graduation speakers, given the school's agreement that it will not approve the student remarks:
Because of the governmental disclaimer, the student speaker's right under First Amendment concepts of free speech would allow for requests for private citizen audience participation in which private citizens might or might not join. For example, if a Muslim student were to be valedictorian, she or he could express a particular view verbally and physically within the Muslin tradition and the audience might or might not join in facing Mecca if requested.
On the other hand, those government officials on stage are, in that setting, not private citizens and represent the diverse religious and non-religious community as a whole. While the government official might agree with the student speaker, in the role of government official within First Amendment concepts of government not endorsing or promoting a particular religious belief, the government official should refrain from facing Mecca and expressing agreement while wearing the government hat.San Antonio Express-News reports on the latest Advisory.
Friday, February 03, 2012
Iowa High Court Holds Ban On Steel-Wheel Tractors Violates Mennonites' Free Exercise Rights
In Mitchell County v. Zimmerman, (IA Sup. Ct., Feb. 3, 2012), the Iowa Supreme Court held that a county ordinance prohibiting use on paved roads of tractors equipped with steel cleated wheels violates the 1st Amendment rights of members of the Old Order Groffdale Conference Mennonite Church. The Mennonites adopted the steel wheel requirement in order to prevent tractors displacing the horse and buggy and destroying their close-knit community. The court concluded that the ordinance is not one of "general applicability" because it contains exemptions for school buses to use ice grips and tire studs year round, and does not address sources of road damage other than steel wheels. A free exercise challenge to a law that is not generally applicable will succeed unless the state shows a compelling interest and a regulation narrowly drawn to further that interest.The court concluded that the county had not shown that the ordinance was narrowly tailored. It said: "A more narrowly-tailored alternative might allow steel wheels on county roads in some circumstances, while establishing an effective mechanism for recouping the costs of any necessary road repairs if damage occurs." The Des Moines Register reports on the decision.
UPDATE: According to AP (2/8), Mitchell County will not appeal the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court because the ordinance at issue in it has now been replaced by a different one which the county attorney believes will be upheld if challenged.
UPDATE: According to AP (2/8), Mitchell County will not appeal the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court because the ordinance at issue in it has now been replaced by a different one which the county attorney believes will be upheld if challenged.
9th Circuit Orders Recordings Of Proposition 8 Trial To Remain Under Seal
In Perry v. Brown, (9th Cir., Feb. 2, 2012), the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals held that a California district court abused its discretion in ordering the unsealing of a video recording of the trial proceedings in the case challenging the constitutionality of California's Proposition 8-- the ban on same-sex marriage. Judge Vaughn Walker had the recordings made solely for his in-chambers use. Those challenging Proposition 8 argued that release of the recordings would have a chilling effect on expert witnesses' willingness to cooperate in future proceedings. The unsealing was ordered by Judge Walker's successor following Walker's retirement. (See prior posting.) The 9th Circuit said:
the district court failed to appreciate the nature of the statements that the trial judge had made to the litigants, the specific factual and legal context in which he made them, and the consequences of his having done so. The integrity of our judicial system depends in no small part on the ability of litigants and members of the public to rely on a judge’s word. The record compels the finding that the trial judge’s representations to the parties were solemn commitments. Upon this record, there is only one plausible application of the standard for sealing a record that is, arguendo, subject to the common-law right of public access: the interest in preserving the sanctity of the judicial process is a compelling reason to override the presumption in favor of the recording’s release.AP reports on the decision.
Fines Against Church of Scientology Upheld By French Court
AP reports that in France yesterday, an appeals court upheld a lower court's fraud conviction of the Church of Scientology that had been charged with pressuring members to pay large amounts for questionable remedies. The court upheld the fines imposed by the lower court-- the equivalent of $530,000 for the church and $261,900 for its bookstore. At the trial court level, prosecutors lost their bid to have the church dissolved or closed down in France which does not consider Scientology to be a legitimate religion. (See prior posting.)
NYPD Report Urges Increased Surveillance of Shiite Mosques
AP reported yesterday on the contents of a 2006 New York Police Department Intelligence Strategy Report (full text) that recommended increased surveillance of Shiite mosques as a way to locate Iranian terror threats. According to AP: "The document also renews debate over how the NYPD privately views Muslims."
President Speaks At National Prayer Breakfast
President Obama spoke yesterday at the National Prayer Breakfast held at the Washington Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C. (Full text of remarks.) He said in part:
[I]n my moments of prayer, I’m reminded that faith and values play an enormous role in motivating us to solve some of our most urgent problems, in keeping us going when we suffer setbacks, and opening our minds and our hearts to the needs of others.
We can’t leave our values at the door. If we leave our values at the door, we abandon much of the moral glue that has held our nation together for centuries, and allowed us to become somewhat more perfect a union. Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, Jane Addams, Martin Luther King, Jr., Dorothy Day, Abraham Heschel -- the majority of great reformers in American history did their work not just because it was sound policy, or they had done good analysis, or understood how to exercise good politics, but because their faith and their values dictated it, and called for bold action -- sometimes in the face of indifference, sometimes in the face of resistance....
And when I talk about shared responsibility, it’s because I genuinely believe that in a time when many folks are struggling, at a time when we have enormous deficits, it’s hard for me to ask seniors on a fixed income, or young people with student loans, or middle-class families who can barely pay the bills to shoulder the burden alone. And I think to myself, if I’m willing to give something up as somebody who’s been extraordinarily blessed, and give up some of the tax breaks that I enjoy, I actually think that’s going to make economic sense.
But for me as a Christian, it also coincides with Jesus’s teaching that “for unto whom much is given, much shall be required.” It mirrors the Islamic belief that those who’ve been blessed have an obligation to use those blessings to help others, or the Jewish doctrine of moderation and consideration for others.CNN Money headlines its coverage of the President's remarks: "Obama: Jesus would back my tax-the-rich policy." The Washington Post says that this year's Prayer Breakfast had a different tone than usual, with more unscripted moments.
Thursday, February 02, 2012
550 Sex Abuse Victims File Claims In Milwaukee Diocese Bankruptcy
Yesterday at 4:00 p.m. was the deadline for filing of claims in the bankruptcy proceedings of the Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The Milwaukee Sentinel-Journal reported yesterday that at least 550 people filed sex abuse claims-- the largest number in any of the 8 diocesan bankruptcies since 2004. The archdiocese will object to claims relating to abuse by religious order priests who it says were not diocese employees. It will also raise defenses against three of the claims against priests.
Retired General With Anti-Muslim Record Withdraws As West Point Prayer Breakfast Speaker
The New York Times reports that the U.S. Military Academy on Monday announced that retired Lt. Gen William G. Boykin "has decided to withdraw speaking at West Point’s National Prayer Breakfast" on Feb. 8. The announcement of Boykin's planned appearance drew protests because of his record of anti-Muslim statements. (See prior posting.)
Court Denies Preliminary Injunction On Promotions Of Non-Liturgical Navy Chaplains
In In re: Navy Chaplaincy, (D DC, Jan. 30, 2012), the D.C. federal district court denied a preliminary injunction in an Establishment Clause challenge to the Navy Chaplain Corps’ selection board process for voting on the promotion of chaplains. Plaintiffs claimed that the process favors Catholic and liturgical Protestant chaplains, while leaving non-liturgical chaplains underrepresented in the Navy. The court held that plaintiffs lack standing because they have failed to show that they will suffer an injury. Also they have not shown a substantial likelihood of success on the merits: "plaintiffs have submitted no evidence from which the court could assume that the future promotion boards will follow any putative pattern of alleged past discrimination." (See prior related posting.)
Wednesday, February 01, 2012
Indiana Senate Passes Creationism Bill Which Is Criticized By Intelligent Design Advocates
Yesterday, the Indiana state Senate passed SB 89 (full text) by a vote of 28-22. The bill allows public schools to:
offer instruction on various theories of the origin of life. The curriculum for the course must include theories from multiple religions, which may include, but is not limited to, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Scientology.Interestingly, the Discovery Institute, the leading center promoting the theory of intelligent design, issued a press release criticizing the Indiana Senate's passage of the bill. Attempting to distinguish intelligent design from creationism, the Institute said in part: "There are plenty of scientific criticisms of Darwin’s theory today, and science students should be able to hear about them, not about religion.”
Sweden's New Home Schooling Limits Being Tested By Chabad Rabbi
In Sweden, a change in law took effect January 1 that limits mores narrowly the situations in which parents can home-school their children. It is now permitted only in "extraordinary" circumstances. The new law aims to make education across the country more uniform. (See prior posting.) Chabad Lubavitch World HQ / News reported yesterday that one of the first tests of the new law involves Rabbi Alexander and Leah Namdar, Chabad representatives to Sweden. Four of the Namdar children are studying in an online international school. Authorities in Gothenburg have formally notified the Namdars that they will be fined the equivalent of $2400 (US) per week if they do not enroll their children in a Swedish school by Feb. 1. The Namdars' supporters say the Swedish law was aimed at immigrant children who were illiterate. The Namdar children, by contrast, are being educated along with 500 other students in the online school, and this is supplemented by private tutoring. They have a full morning schedule of Judaic studies including Hebrew, while their afternoons are devoted to English, Swedish, mathematics, geography, science, music, art, and gymnastics. Apparently Swedish schools have significant bullying problems, and the Namdars are concerned that as the only Orthodox Jews in Gothenburg, the children would stand out in a Swedish school and become targets for anti-Semitism. The Namdars say that their right to give their children a Jewish education, which the public schools cannot accommodate, is at stake.
White House Press Secretary Responds To Bishops' Criticism of HHS Policy
At yesterday' White House press briefing (full text), Press Secretary Jay Carney engaged in a lengthy exchange with reporters on the Catholic Bishops' strong opposition to new rules under the Affordable Care Act requiring most health insurance policies to fully cover contraceptive services. Narrow exceptions for religious employers would not cover most Catholic schools and hospitals. (See prior posting). Here is a substantial part of the exchange in the press briefing:
Q: ... It was a pretty extraordinary situation on Sunday in parishes all across the country, individual priests were reading letters from their bishops in that particular parish that were pretty much denouncing the Obama administration about these provisions dealing with contraception, Catholic hospitals and whatnot in connection with the Affordable Care Act. I guess my question would be, how does the administration justify having the federal government institute a law that basically forces people to violate their religious beliefs?
MR. CARNEY: Well, that misrepresents actually ... the ... decision about the implementation of the Affordable Care Act.... The decision was made... after very careful consideration, and the administration believes that this proposal strikes the appropriate balance between respecting religious beliefs and increasing access to important preventive services. We will continue to work closely with religious groups during this transitional period to discuss their concerns.
It’s important -- to go to your point -- that this approach does not signal any change at all in the administration’s policy on conscience protections. The President and this administration have previously expressed strong support for existing conscience protections, including those relating to health care providers. That support continues.
I also would just note that our robust partnerships with the Catholic Church and other communities of faith will continue. The administration has provided over $2 billion to Catholic organizations over the past three years in addition to numerous nonfinancial partnerships that promote healthy communities and serve the common good.
Q: The bishops are saying just the opposite. They’re saying that basically if somebody is working in a Catholic hospital and they don’t cover contraception for their employees, that they’re in violation of federal law. So I don’t understand how you’re saying that there are still conscience protections. They would violate the law, wouldn’t they?
MR. CARNEY: Well, this does not direct an individual to do anything, first of all. The new guidelines require most private health plans to cover preventive services, including contraception, for women without charging a copay, coinsurance or deductible.
The guidelines were recommended by the nonpartisan, independent Institute of Medicine. The administration also released a proposed regulation that allows nonprofit, religious employers that offer insurance to their employees the choice of whether or not to cover contraception services.
After reviewing comments from the public, the administration announced that the final rule on preventive health services will ensure that women with health insurance coverage will have access to the full range of recommended preventive services, including all FDA-approved forms of contraception.
And I would just note that we will work with religious groups during a transitional period to discuss their concerns. But this decision was made after careful consideration by Secretary Sebelius, and we believe that the proposal strikes the appropriate balance between religious beliefs on the one hand and the need to increase access to important preventive services for women.
Q ... [A] Democrat who’s Catholic, E.J. Dionne, wrote in The Washington Post yesterday that the President ... “utterly botched this policy.” And he said he, “threw his progressive Catholic allies under the bus.” ....
MR. CARNEY: ... Ed, all you’re pointing out is that there are people who disagree with the decision. We understand that not everyone agrees with it. All I can tell you is it was made after very careful consideration based on the need to balance those two issues and that the necessity to provide access to preventive services for women was an important consideration.
Q What about the constitutional right to freedom of religion?...
MR. CARNEY: I don’t believe there are any constitutional rights issues here, but I would refer you to others to discuss that. ... I understand that there’s controversy ... and we will continue to work with religious groups to discuss their concerns. But on the other side of this was the important need to provide access to women to the preventive services that they require....
Q The bishop of Phoenix said Catholics shouldn’t comply with this law. Will there be any consequences for not --
MR. CARNEY: I’m the wrong guy to ask.
Forest Service Renews Use Permit For Ski Resort Jesus Statue
The U.S. Forest Service has agreed to renew a controversial special use permit in a ski area in Montana. As previously reported, in October the U.S. Forest Service withdrew an earlier decision and instead sought public comment on reissuing a special use permit to the Knights of Columbus for a statue of Jesus that has since 1955 been located on land in the Flathead National Forest. Between Oct. 19 and Dec. 8, the Forest Service received 95,000 comments. In a press release issued yesterday, the Forest Service said in part:
The permit is reauthorized for ten years and is for the display of a statue of Jesus Christ on a 25 foot by 25 foot parcel of land near the top of Chair Two at Whitefish Mountain Resort.
[Flathead National Forest Supervisor, Chip] Weber says he is reauthorizing the permit because “I understand the statue has been a long-standing object in the community since 1955, and I recognize that the statue is important to the community for its historical heritage based on its association with the early development of the ski area on Big Mountain.” The statue’s historic value and eligibility for listing on the National Register of Historic Places is in part directly linked to the current physical location of the statue.KBZK News reports on these developments in an article that carries photos of the statue. All of the Project Documents are also available online. The Washington Post reports that the decision means that Rep. Denny Rehberg will withdraw his bill that would have authorized a land swap so that the land on which the statue sat would have been privately owned. The Post also points out that the statue was originally put up by Knights of Columbus members who were inspired by similar statues in European mountains that many saw in World War II.
Tuesday, January 31, 2012
Unofficial Sharia Court In India Orders Expulsion of Christian Priests
In India's only Muslim-majority state, Jammu & Kashmir, an unofficial sharia court (which was not created by the government) on Jan.19 issued a fatwa ordering the expulsion of three Christian priests. It also urged the government to take over management of missionary schools, introduce Islamic prayer and Islamic studies classes. In particular, the court demanded that a prayer written by an Urdu poet be recited at morning assemblies in all Christian missionary schools. The Asia Times and Hindustan Times report on developments
The court's decree came after one of the priests "confessed" to having converted 15 Muslim boys to Christianity. Last October, footage appeared on the Internet showing Pastor Chander Mani Khanna baptizing Kashmiri Muslim youth, and a reaction included calls for killing Khanna. Later an inflammatory article quoted one of the boys who converted as saying that Khanna used a girl to entice him to drink alcohol and eat "swine meat." Conversion is legal in Jammu & Kashmir. However Khanna was arrested, and then released on bail, charged under Sections 153A of the Ranbir Penal Code that bars "promoting enmity between different groups ... and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony," as well as under Section 295A that prohibits "deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs". Meanwhile, separatist leader Syed Ali Geelani criticized the court's decree, saying: "Kashmiris cannot ignore the contributions of Christian missionary schools towards the educational system in the Valley. Unfortunately, Muslims have not been able to build an educational institution like those by the Christian missionary schools despite all available resources."
Secular-Religious Tensions In Tunisia Explored
The New York Times in an article posted yesterday explores the struggle in post-revolutionary Tunisia between secular and religious forces. One symbol of the tensions is the trial, now postponed until April, of a television director for broadcasting the French animated movie "Persepolis", a film about a girl's childhood in revolutionary Iran. The Times reports:
Nearly everyone here seems to agree that “Persepolis” was broadcast Oct. 7 on Nessma TV as a provocation of some sort.... [M]any in Tunisia, both pious and less so, were taken aback by the brief scene in which God was personified — speaking in Tunisian slang no less. A week later, a crowd of Salafis ... attacked the house of Nabil Karoui, the station’s director, and he was soon charged with libeling religion and broadcasting information that could "harm public order or good morals."
CNN Analyzes Likely Evangelical Vote In Florida
Today is the Republican presidential primary in Florida. Last week CNN analyzed the likely evangelical vote in Florida:
There are signs that Florida’s evangelical voters may be more forgiving of Romney’s past social liberalism than their Iowa and South Carolina brethren – and more willing to support a Mormon candidate..... As a percentage of GOP voters, there are fewer evangelicals in Florida compared to South Carolina and Iowa, where Rick Santorum won the presidential caucuses.... And compared to those other early primary states, Florida is much more religiously diverse.... Still, evangelical Christians claim a bigger share of the Florida Republican vote than any other religious tradition. There also are signs they may be more tolerant of a Mormon candidate than born-again Christians in the Bible Belt and Midwest.
Bankruptcy Court Sells Off Religious Community's Llama Herd At Fire Sale Price
AP reports that an Iowa federal bankruptcy judge on Monday took the unusual step of ordering a "fire sale" of a herd of llamas that came under court control two weeks ago after a self-proclaimed priest, Ryan Patrick Scott, filed for bankruptcy. Scott led a small religious community in Independence, Iowa that raised the llamas. The llamas were sold for $7500 to Steve and Sandy Auld who already raise llamas and were caring for Scott's animals under federal supervision since they were taken over by the court. Scott had argued that the animals belong to his non-profit corporation, not to him personally. The Aulds will also be paid $100 per day for the time they cared for the animals before the sale.
Catholic Churches Around Nation Read Letters Attacking HHS Health Insurance Requirement
CBS News reports that last Sunday Catholic Churches around the country read similar letters from their local bishops condemning the Obama administration's new rules requiring contraception coverage by most health plans, with exemptions that are too narrow to include most Catholic schools and hospitals. (See prior posting.) A typical letter quoted in full by the CBS report read in part:
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced last week that almost all employers, including Catholic employers, will be forced to offer their employees’ health coverage that includes sterilization, abortion-inducing drugs, and contraception..... In so ruling, the Obama Administration has cast aside the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, denying to Catholics our Nation’s first and most fundamental freedom, that of religious liberty.... [W]e Catholics will be compelled to either violate our consciences, or to drop health coverage for our employees (and suffer the penalties for doing so)..... We cannot—we will not—comply with this unjust law. People of faith cannot be made second class citizens.
Monday, January 30, 2012
Syrian Uprising Becoming Shiite-Sunni Conflict
Yesterday's Christian Science Monitor reports that as the fighting goes on in Syria, the conflict is moving from a popular uprising to a confrontation between Sunnis and Shiites, explaining:
The regime’s reliance on Alawite militiamen, known as the Shabiha, to help suppress the 10-month uprising is mirrored by elements of the armed rebel forces rallying around their Sunni identity through religious and sectarian motifs and language. The minority Alawite sect draws upon some Shiite traditions and is considered heretical by conservative Sunnis.Shiite Iran and Hezbollah support the Alawites.
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