Objective coverage of church-state and religious liberty developments, with extensive links to primary sources.
Sunday, November 23, 2008
ADL Covers A Range of Issues at Meeting Marking 95th Year
Conviction For Interfering With Business Does Not Violate Free Exercise Rights
In Malaysia, Parties Seeking Federal Court Ruling In Catholic Paper Case
Saturday, November 22, 2008
In Nigeria, Children Accused by Churches of Being Witches Are Tortured By Their Families
A Review of Same-Sex Marriage Developments In Connecticut
In Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Health, (CT Sup Ct, Oct. 10, 2008) (majority, dissents 1, 2, 3), the court, in a 4-3 decision, applied intermediate scrutiny to strike down Connecticut's statutory scheme barring same-sex marriage. Opponents then supported a proposal that is automatically on the November ballot every 20 years to call a state constitutional convention. [corrected]. The convention could have potentially proposed a constitutional amendment to overturn the court's decision. However, that proposal was overwhelmingly defeated at the polls earlier this month.
Of particular interest is the analysis by the majority in the Kerrigan case concluding that sexual orientation is a quasi-suspect classification that triggers heightened scrutiny. One part of the test for a quasi-suspect class is its "political powerlessness." As the court explained:
a group satisfies the political powerlessness factor if it demonstrates that, because of the pervasive and sustained nature of the discrimination that its members have suffered, there is a risk that that discrimination will not be rectified, sooner rather than later, merely by resort to the democratic process.Interestingly, the court then went on to, in part, rely on the strong religious opposition to homosexual activity as evidence of the political powerlessness of gays and lesbians. The court said:
Feelings and beliefs predicated on such profound religious and moral principles are likely to be enduring, and persons and groups adhering to those views undoubtedly will continue to exert influence over public policy makers.The court then added in a footnote (fn. 37):
Of course we do not suggest that there is anything untoward or improper about such efforts to mold public policy or opinion, for such activity lies at the core of our democratic system. Nor do we equate religious beliefs with prejudice. Our point is simply that gay persons face steep, if not insurmountable, hurdles in changing or even modifying deeply held beliefs that their manner of sexual intimacy is morally unacceptable.
Britain's New Pension Authority Will Offer Sharia-Compliant Option
Germany Will Not Attempt To Ban Scientology Now
Muslim Group Urges NYPD To Revise Its Assessment of Domestic Terror Threat
The NYPD Report calls into question the loyalties and motivations of law-abiding and mainstream Muslims in a deeply offensive way and paints them as potential threats to national security without substantiated evidence. Furthermore, it erroneously associates religious precepts with violence and terror, irrespective of First Amendment and Equal Protection rights. As such, MACLC has found that the NYPD Report neither protects American Muslims from undeserved scrutiny and profiling nor strengthens domestic security discourse.
Friday, November 21, 2008
Hezbollah In Lebanon Harnessing Religion of Youth For Its Political Agenda
At a time of religious revival across the Islamic world, intense piety among the young is nothing unusual. But in Lebanon, Hezbollah — the name means the party of God — has marshaled these ambient energies for a highly political project: educating a younger generation to continue its military struggle against Israel. Hezbollah’s battlefield resilience has made it a model for other militant groups across the Middle East, including Hamas. And that success is due, in no small measure, to the party’s extraordinarily comprehensive array of religion-themed youth and recruitment programs.
County Council Member Objects To Rezoning Because of Opposition To Church Policy
Apologizing on Tuesday, Von Harten said that her human rights concerns relate to "the Catholic Church as a political entity, with a seat at the United Nations, but I acknowledge that I offended individuals in my own community." She added: "Please be assured that I have been reminded of the importance of separation of church and state in matters of land use, and have learned a great deal from this incident." She now says she will abstain from voting on the St. Gregory zoning issue when it reaches Council.
PA School Board Says Teachers Can Be At "Pole" Event With A Disclaimer
Bangladesh Elections Threaten To Disenfranchise Muslims On Hajj
Proponents Announce New Strategy On Display of Nativity Scenes
Court Issues Preliminary Injunction Allowing Evangelist To Preach On Public Plaza
Indonesian Police Look To Prosecute Blogger Who Posted Muhammad Cartoons
Thursday, November 20, 2008
Texas Board of Education Hears Testimony On Proposed Science Standards
College professors, science teachers and pro-evolution groups urged the board to drop a rule that requires the strengths and weaknesses of Darwin's theory to be taught in science courses, while conservative groups aligned with a sizable bloc of board members said the rule has worked well and hasn't forced religion into those classes as critics charge....
Revisions recommended by a panel of experts this week call for changing the "strengths-and-weaknesses" standard to "strengths and limitations." Another recommendation calls for middle school students to "discuss possible alternative explanations" for scientific concepts.
White House Won't Comment On Summum Case
Q: Does the President believe or reject the contention that the First Amendment grants the 33-year-old Summum organization a right to erect a monument to its Seven Aphorisms in the city of Pleasant Grove, Utah, because there's a Ten Commandments monument?WorldNet Daily reported today on the exchange.
MS. PERINO: Les, I really don't understand why you ask me these questions at the briefing. It's kind of a waste of your time, and it's a waste of everybody else's time. And it's really a waste of my time.
Q: No. This was page one.
MS. PERINO: I missed it.
Q: It was page one.
Court Says Church Can Continue Use of Building, But Must Comply With Code
California Supreme Court Will Hear Challenges To Proposition 8
Finally, the court (over one dissent) refused to stay the operation of Proposition 8 pending the court's decision in the matter. A release by ProtectMarriage.com called denial of the requested stay the most significant part of the order. It is unclear what the court will do as to three other challenges that have been filed, including one by a number of religious groups. (See prior posting.)
Meanwhile, other countries are facing legal issues involving gay marriage. Jurist reported yesterday that the Supreme Court of Nepal has ordered an end to government discrimination based on sexual orientation. It has told the government to draft legislation permitting same-sex partnership and marriage. This follows a decision last year by the Court holding that sexual minorities should be granted equal rights.
UPDATE: The Los Angeles Times reported Wednesday that Proposition 8 supporters are considering the possiblility of a recall campaign aimed at California Supreme Court justices who vote to invalidate the approval of Proposition 8.
UPDATE: All orders, pleadings and briefs in the Proposition 8 challenges are posted on a special page on the Supreme Court's website.
Chabad Messianists Again Lose Court Battle Over Crown Heights Building
As part of the long running case, in 2006 the court issued an order (full text) barring various individuals in the messianist faction from defacing, removing or interfering with a plaque commemorating the Rebbe's death that had been placed on the outer wall of Chabad's headquarters building. The messianists objected to the plaque because it referred to the Rebbe using a Hebrew acronym for "of blessed memory," thus suggesting that he was dead. (See prior posting and this background.)
Now in Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch, Inc. v. Sharf, (NY Kings Co. Sup. Ct., Nov. 3, 2008), a New York trial court rejected an attempt by one of the parties to challenge the 2006 decision. In addition the court rejected an attempt by the messianists--Congregation Lubavitch, Inc. (CLI)-- to obtain access to a security plan that Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch (MLC) agreed to in accepting New York state homeland security funds. CLI also wanted the court to order the concealment of any security cameras and to ban recording of prayer services on the sabbath and holidays except for law enforcement purposes. Also, apparently still asserting their control of the basement synagogue, CLI wanted to ban MLC from access to interior video recordings and wanted other restrictions on access to recordings. The court, relying on the 2007 decision that MLC was the legitimate owner of the property, held that CLI had no basis to obtain these limitations. [Thanks to J.J. Landa for the lead.]
Clergy Led Prayer Is Back In Indiana House
UPDATE: Thursday's Fort Wayne Journal Gazette says that the Indiana Senate will open its 2009 sessions with prayers offered by Senate members and by visiting clergy.
Jury Finds For Boulder Colorado Church In RLUIPA Case
Israeli Officials Express Frustration Over Strict Conversion Rules
Earlier this week, according to JTA, the Jewish Agency Assembly adopted resolutions calling for Israel to create an independent authority on Jewish conversions and special courts of Jewish law that would apply more "moderate and tolerant" halachic legal standards to facilitate conversions. (Full text of Jewish Agency resolutions.)
Tzipi Livni, the Kadima party candidate for prime minister in the upcoming Israeli elections, took an even more iconoclastic view in a speech to Americans and Canadians in Jerusalem attending the General Assembly of the United Jewish Communities. The Jerusalem Post quotes her remarks: "A Jewish state is not a monopoly of rabbis. It's what each and everyone feels inside. It's not about learning Hebrew or about joining the army, it's about Jewish tradition, Jewish history."
UPDATE: Here is the full text of Foreign Minister Livni's speech from the Ministry of Foreign Affair's website. The relevant quote is slightly different in this version.
Wednesday, November 19, 2008
Magistrate Says Subpoena for Megachurch Records Was Improperly Issued
AG Choice Eric Holder Has Little Record On Church-State or Religious Freedom Issues
Objector Arrested For Disrupting Council's Moment of Silence With Loud Prayer
Suit Challenges Refusal To Issue Vanity Plates Refering To God
UPDATE: Wednesday's Indy Star reports that the Indiana BMV now says that it will allow Elizabeth Ferris to obtain her "BE GODS" license plate because she attempted to reserve the plates before the Nov. 6 effective date of new regulations that prohibit plates that refer to the deity. However BMV Commissioner Ron Stiver defended the new policy, saying that once it allows mention of God on plates, it will also be forced by prohibitions on viewpoint discrimination to issue offensive plates such as "GODLESS".
Algerian Appeals Court Upholds Conviction For Smoking During Ramadan
Maryland County Residents Urge Council To Reject RLUIPA Settlement
Newsweek Criticized For Article On Obama As the Antichrist
Holder of Sharia Law Degree Becomes Egypt's First Woman Marriage Registrar
Tuesday, November 18, 2008
HHS Proposal on Religious Objectors Opposed by Some EEOC Members
Indiana's Sale of "In God We Trust" Plates Without Added Fee Is Upheld
Religious Groups Ask California Supreme Court To Void Proposition 8
The religious institutions that file this petition ... count on article XVIII to ensure that the California Constitution's guarantee of equal protection for religious minorities cannot be taken away without a deliberative process of the utmost care possible in a representative democracy. If Proposition 8 is upheld, however, the assurance will disappear-- for, just as surely as gay men and lesbians could be deprived of equal protection by a simple majority vote, so too could religious minorities be deprived of equal protection-- a terrible irony in a nation founded by people who emigrated to escape religious persecution.Six separate legal challenges to Proposition 8 have been filed with the California Supreme Court. (San Jose Mercury News, Nov. 17). [Thanks to Don Clark for the lead.]
German Homeschoolers Seek Political Asylum In U.S.
Town Sued Over Zoning Ban Preventing Church From Sheltering Homeless
UPDATE: The day after the lawsuit was filed, the parties reached a settlement agreement and on Wednesday the court issued an order that permits the church to resume housing up to eight homeless people and two staff members. (York (PA) Daily Record).
French Appellate Court Reverses Controversial Annulment
British Employment Appeal Tribunal Broadly Protects Against Religious Bias
Monday, November 17, 2008
Nigerian Court Orders Release of Man Arrested For Having 86 Wives
Court Supervised Election of Buddhist Temple Board Upheld
Seven Amish Men Convicted For Refusing To Use Safety Emblem
Recent On-Topic Scholarly Articles and Book
From SSRN:
- Paul Horwitz, The Philosopher's Brief, (Constitutional Commentary, Forthcoming).
- Thomas Charles Berg, Religious Organizational Freedom and Conditions on Government Benefits, (Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy, 2009).
- Perry Dane, West Virginia State Board of Education V. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943), (ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT, David Spinoza Tanenhaus, ed., Gale, 2008).
- Amelia J. Uelmen, 'It's Hard Work': Reflections on Conscience and Citizenship in the Catholic Tradition, (Journal Catholic Legal Studies, Vol. 47, pp. 317-342, 2008).
From Bepress:
- Maurice Adams & Adriaan J. Overbeeke, The Constitutional Relationship between Law and Religion in the History of Ideas: A Contemporary European Perspective, (Global Jurist: Vol. 8 : Iss. 3, 2008)).
From SmartCILP and elsewhere (Constitutional Law issues):
- Paul E. McGreal, The Case for a Constitutional Easement Approach to Permanent Monuments in Traditional Public Forums, (Northwestern University Law Review, Oct. 27, 2008).
- Susan Gellman & Susan Looper-Friedman, Thou Shalt Use the Equal Protection Clause for Religious Cases (Not Just the Establishment Clause), 10 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 665-743 (2008).
- Daniel A. Seeger, Reconciling Religious Faith and Democratic Practice: The Problem of the Elusive Definition of Religion, 84 Notre Dame Law Review 97-109 (2008).
- Deborah Jones Merritt & and Daniel C. Merritt, The Future of Religious Pluralism: Justice O'Connor and the Establishment Clause, 39 Arizona State Law Journal 895-948 (2007).
From SmartCILP (Law & Religion):
- Marriage, Religion, and the Role of the Civil State. Foreword by Joel A. Nichols; articles by Margaret F. Brinig, Steven L. Nock, Elliot N. Dorff, John Witte, Jr. and Joel A. Nichols. (Links to full text.) 5 University of St. Thomas Law Journal 544-615 (2008).
- Liaquat Ali Khan, Advocacy under Islam and Common Law, 45 San Diego Law Review 547-608 (2008).
- W. Jesse Weins, Employer Funding of Fertility Awareness Training: Acceptable Alternative to Mandated Prescription Contraceptive Coverage in Employee Benefits, 12 Michigan State University Journal of Medicine & Law 321-339 (2008).
- Alfred L. Brophy, How Missionaries Thought: About Property Law, For Instance, 30 University of Hawaii Law Review 373-399 (2008).
- Charles R. Foster, Identity and Integrity in Clergy Formation, 5 University of St. Thomas Law Journal 457-469 (2008).
Recent Book:
- John L. Esposito and Dalia Mogahed, Who Speaks for Islam? What a Billion Muslims Really Think, (Gallup Press, March 2008), author interview in Christianity Today.
Will Prince Charles Eventually Have Religiously More Inclusive Title?
Boy At Center of D.C. Hospital's Suit Buried After Heart-Lung Function Ends
Sunday, November 16, 2008
German Professor of Islamic Theolgy Says Muhammad Never Existed
Challenge To Religious Workers Visa Provisions Moves Ahead
Muslim Deli Owner Charges Yonkers Police With Selective Enforcement
Court Upholds Jurisdiction To Decide Which Faction Controls Church Property
Recently Available Prisoner Free Exercise Cases
In Berry v. Waushara County Jail, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 91540 (ED WI, Nov. 4, 2008), plaintiff alleged that jail authorities violated his rights under the 1st Amendment and RLUIPA by failing to provide him with a Halal diet, refusing to let him order religious items, denying Muslims group worship and forcing him to purchase a Q'uran while Bibles were given out for free. The court allowed plaintiff to proceed in his claim for damages against the jail administrator in his official capacity, but dismissed claims for injunctive relief because plaintiff was now housed in a different facility.
In Means v. Lampert, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 92257 (WD OK, Nov. 12, 2008), an Oklahoma federal district court held that an inmate's complaint should be construed to include a RLUIPA claim even though only 1st Amendment claims were initially referenced.
In Mosley v. Campbell, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 71454 (ED CA, Aug. 11, 2008), a California federal district court approved a magistrate's recommendation (2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 92409, July 15, 2008) to dismiss a Muslim inmate's challenge to prison grooming standards. The court found that plaintiff was not disciplined because he grew his beard, but instead because he "designed" the beard differently from its natural growth.
"Hisba" Lawsuits Growing In Egypt
Saturday, November 15, 2008
Speeches and Declaration From UN Sessions On Interreligious Understanding
Concerned about serious instances of intolerance, discrimination, hatred expressions, and harassment of minority religious communities of all faiths, participating states underlined the importance of promoting dialogue, understanding, and tolerance among human beings, as well as respect for all their diverse religions, cultures and beliefs. Participating states affirmed their rejection of the use of religion to justify the killing of innocent people and actions of terrorism, violence and coercion, which directly contradict the commitment of all religions to peace, justice and equality.(See prior related posting.)
Indiana School's Released Time Program Challenged In Court
Diocese Repudiates Priest Who Told Obama Voters To Seek Penance
Monsignor Martin T. Laughlin, Administrator of the Diocese of Charleston, issued a statement yesterday reading in part:
This past week, the Catholic Church’s clear, moral teaching on the evil of abortion has been pulled into the partisan political arena. The recent comments of Father Jay Scott Newman ... have diverted the focus from the Church’s clear position against abortion.... [L]et me state with clarity that Father Newman’s statements do not adequately reflect the Catholic Church’s teachings. Any comments or statements to the contrary are repudiated....
Christ gives us freedom to explore our own conscience and to make our own decisions while adhering to the law of God and the teachings of the faith. Therefore, if a person has formed his or her conscience well, he or she should not be denied Communion, nor be told to go to confession before receiving Communion.... We should all come together to support the President-elect and all elected officials with a view to influencing policy in favor of the protection of the unborn child.
Focus Continues on Mormon Leadership of Proposition 8 Campaign
Marines Sued By Contractor Whose Car Decals Were Banned On Base
According to an AP report today, Camp Lejeune's Equal Employment Opportunity office received several complaints that Nieto's decals were offensive. The suit reveals that among the offensive decals were one that read: "Islam = Terrorism"; and another that read: "Disgrace My Countries Flag. And I will SHIT On Your Quran." Even after the most offensive decals were removed, officers insisted that he remove others as well. The federal court complaint (full text) alleges that these orders violated Nieto's free speech and equal protection rights. It argues that the orders are not viewpoint neutral. A Nov. 12 release by the Thomas More Law Center that represents Nieto says that the orders are "political correctness run amuck."
NC Senator-Elect Drops Defamation Suit Over "Godless Americans" Ads
Colorado Governor Sued Over Day of Prayer Proclamations
Court Says It Can Decide On Validity of Board Expansion By Jewish School
Friday, November 14, 2008
Bush Speaks At U.N. Session On Interfaith Cooperation
One of my core beliefs is that there is an Almighty God -- and that every man, woman, and child on the face of this Earth bears His image. Many years ago, faith changed my life. Faith has sustained me through the challenges and the joys of my Presidency. And faith will guide me for the rest of my days....The U.N. session was initiated by Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah. (See prior posting.)
Freedom is God's gift to every man, woman, and child -- and that freedom includes the right of all people to worship as they see fit. Sixty years ago, members of the United Nations General Assembly acknowledged this truth when we adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights....
Our nation was founded by people seeking haven from religious persecution.... And through the generations, our nation has helped defend the religious liberty of others -- from liberating the concentration camps of Europe, to protecting Muslims in places like Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq.
Today, the United States is carrying on that noble tradition by making religious liberty a central element of our foreign policy. We've established a Commission on the International Religious Freedom to monitor the state of religious liberty worldwide. We strongly encourage nations to understand that religious freedom is the foundation of a healthy and hopeful society. We're not afraid to stand with religious dissidents and believers who practice their faith, even where it is unwelcome.
Unusual Delay of Oral Arguments In Summum Case Requested, But Apparently Ignored
At issue is a depiction in the Supreme Court building of Moses holding two tablets, with his robe and beard hiding much of the lettering on them. So, for example, the Hebrew inscription for "Thou shall not murder" is partially covered so the Hebrew word "lo" ("thou shalt not") is hidden. Ritter's letter suggests that the Court's 2005 decision in Van Orden v. Perry, upholding a 10 Commandments display on the Texas state capitol grounds, was influenced by the belief that the display in the U.S. Supreme Court was an accurate rendition of the Decalogue. In his majority opinion in Van Orden, Chief Justice Rehnquist wrote: "Since 1935, Moses has stood, holding two tablets that reveal portions of the Ten Commandments written in Hebrew, among other lawgivers in the south frieze."
The Supreme Court's docket entries in the Pleasant Grove City case do not reflect that the Ritter's letter was made part of the formal file in the case.
Statements Offer Advice To Obama On Issues of Concern On Religious Matters
Meanwhile Prof. Marci Hamilton posted an article at Findlaw titled The Five Religion-Related Issues that Should Most Concern the Future Obama Administration. Her suggested agenda for the new President includes: (1) End religious discrimination in programs that receive government funding; (2) choose an Attorney General, Solicitor General and, if necessary, Supreme Court Justices who demonstrate a healthy respect for the Establishment Clause and the separation of church and state; (3) support state measures to prevent and prosecute child sex abuse, even when it occurs within religious communities; (4) offer federal resources to investigate the abuses -- including child abuse -- that typically arise from polygamy.; (5) as part of the government's aid to homeowners, revoke laws that unfairly privilege religious groups in local zoning conflicts.
Ithaca Sued By Evangelist Over Enforcement of Noise Ordinance
Brazil's President Signs Agreement With Vatican
Study Released On State Anti-Discrimination Laws and Same-Sex Marriage
The survey revealed that over 350 separate state anti-discrimination provisions would likely be triggered by recognition of same-sex marriage.... Based on this data, we conclude that if same-sex marriage is recognized by courts or legislatures, people and institutions who have conscientious objections to facilitating same-sex marriage will likely be sued under existing anti-discrimination laws—laws never intended for that purpose. Lawsuits will likely arise when religious people or religious organizations choose, based on their sincerely held religious beliefs, not to hire individuals in same-sex marriages, refuse to extend spousal benefits to same-sex spouses, refuse to make their property or services available for same-sex marriage ceremonies or other events affirming same-sex marriage, or refuse to provide otherwise available housing to same-sex couples.The study recommended that states "ensure that any recognition of same-sex marriage is preceded by robust exemptions to anti-discrimination rules." Along with the report, the Becket Fund published a useful chart on existing religious exemptions to anti-discrimination laws, by state.
Thursday, November 13, 2008
Islamist Insurgents Take Somalian Seaport
Court Refuses To Dismiss Most Claims Against Archdiocese In Abuse Case
Group Wants New Military Rules Protecting Nonbelievers
Suit Challenges Washington State Limits On Special Ed In Religious Schools
Humanists Run "Why Believe In God?" Ad In Time For Christmas
Federal Court Will Not Stop Utah Hearing On Sale of FLDS Land
UPDATE: On Friday, Utah state court Judge Denise Lindberg postponed the scheduled hearing on the sale of Berry Knoll Farm so that the parties could work out "a global resolution" of pending litigation and a plan for its future management. The postponement came at the request of the Utah Attorney General's office and after a meeting in chambers between the judge and attorneys for both parties. Saturday's Salt Lake Tribune reported that 2500 members of the FLDS Church showed up at Friday's hearing to show their disapproval of the proposed land sale.
Council of Europe Gives Guidance on Religious Symbols and Hate Speech
California Catholic Bishops Defend Passage of Proposition 8
The radical change in the definition of marriage to include same-sex partners discounts both history and biology and ignores how deeply marriage—as the union of a man and a woman—is embedded in our culture, language, and laws and how foundational it is for the well-being of children and the flourishing of society. To change the definition of marriage to include any two adults diminishes the institution to mean only a legal partnership.
Under present law domestic partners continue to have the rights and benefits of married couples in the State of California. It is our conviction that it is not necessary to change the definition of marriage to protect those rights and benefits.
Denmark Proposing Ban On Judges Wearing Headscarves In Court
Wednesday, November 12, 2008
"Seven Aphorisms" Case Argued In Supreme Court [UPDATED]
Jay Sekulow, Chief Counsel of the American Center for Law and Justice, argued on behalf of Pleasant Grove City. Last month, one of the venues in which he rehearsed his argument was Liberty University School of Law (Liberty Champion). The Solicitor General's Office also presented oral argument in support of Pleasant Grove City. Deputy Solicitor General Daryl Joseffer opened his argument as follows:
Of course the Government can select the content and viewpoint of monuments on the National Mall and in other public parks across the country. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial did not open us up to a Viet Cong memorial. When the Martin Luther King Memorial is completed on the mall, it will not have to be offset by a monument to the man who shot Dr. King.Washington attorney and law school professor Pamela Harris argued on behalf of Summum. Early in the argument, Chief Justice John Roberts asked Sekulow why the city had agreed to put up the 10 Commandments monument originally, though later Roberts also challenged Harris' arguments. The Washington Post, reporting on today's oral arguments, says: "Although the debate was spirited, it lacked some of the rancor of the last time the high court took up a dispute over the 10 Commandments."
The full transcript of oral arguments is available online.