Today Is Human Rights Day

Today is Human Rights Day marking the 76th anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations General Assembly. Article 18 of the Declaration provides:

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Yesterday President Biden issued a Proclamation (full text) declaring today to be Human Rights Day, and the week beginning today as Human Rights Week. The Proclamation declares in part:

Today, our country continues to stand with our partners and allies to defend human rights and fundamental freedoms around the world — from combatting threats to silence and intimidate human rights defenders like journalists to championing democracy, fair elections, and the universal human rights to freedoms of association, peaceful assembly, religion, and expression.  When crises erupt, we protect civilians from mass atrocities, promote accountability for those responsible for human rights violations and abuses, seek to free political prisoners, and create space for civilian dialogue.

UN Says Belarus Legislation on Religion and Belief Violates International Human Rights Law

In a Feb.20 press release (full text), the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights said that its experts believe recent legislation on freedom of conscience and activities of religious organizations adopted by Belarus violates international human rights law.  The press release, in part quoting the experts' report, says in part:

“The provisions on compulsory registration unduly restrict the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief,”...

“The law establishes broad yet imprecise legal grounds for the State to suspend and dissolve religious organisations, such as conducting an activity directed against the main direction of domestic and foreign policy of the Republic of Belarus, discrediting the Republic of Belarus, humiliating the national honour, engaging in political activities or other undefined extremist activities,” ...

The experts warned that the law imposes extensive State control over religious education and literature, stipulating that religious education, religious literature or any other material with religious content must not contradict “the generally recognised traditional values of the Belarusian people and the ideology of the Belarusian State”....

The law stipulates that religious organisations can only be led by Belarusian citizens with permanent residence in the country, which appears to discriminate against certain religions....

“The law appears to be aimed at further strengthening the overarching control of the State over all aspects of the existence of religious communities....

UN Marks 75th Anniversary of Genocide Convention

Today is the United Nations International Day of Commemoration and Dignity of the Victims of the Crime of Genocide and of the Prevention of This Crime. (UN press release.) It marks Saturday's 75th Anniversary of the 1948 Genocide Convention. The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom also issued a press release marking the occasion, saying in part:

USCIRF notes with deep sadness that since the convention’s ratification, millions of people, including those targeted on the basis of religion, have been killed in genocidal campaigns by states and nonstate actors alike.

UN Human Rights Council Adopts Resolution Condemning Burning of Qur'an

The United Nations Press Centre reports that on July 14, the United Nations Human Rights Council

concluded its fifty-third regular session after adopting 30 resolutions and holding an urgent debate on the alarming rise in premeditated and public acts of religious hatred as manifested by recurrent desecration of the Holy Quran in some European and other countries.

The Council adopted Resolution A/HRC/53/L.23, Countering Religious Hatred Constituting Incitement to Discrimination, Hostility or Violence (full text), which reads in part:

Affirming that burning the Holy Qur’an or any other holy book is offensive, disrespectful and a clear act of provocation, constituting incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence and a violation of international human rights law, ...

Condemning any advocacy of religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence, whether it involves the use of print, audiovisual or electronic media or any other means...

1. Condemns and strongly rejects the recent public and premeditated acts of desecration of the Holy Qur’an, and underscores the need for holding the perpetrators of these acts of religious hatred to account in line with obligations of States arising from international human rights law....

ADF-UK issued a press release criticizing the Council's Resolution as an anti-blasphemy resolution that infringes free expression rights.

Today Is International Holocaust Remembrance Day

Today is International Holocaust Remembrance Day marking the 78th anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Nazi concentration camp. The commemorative day was established by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/7, adopted by the General Assembly in 2005.  A European Union press release describes the EU's commemoration activities. U.S. President Joe Biden issued a Statement (full text) marking the day.  He said in part:

Sadly, we have seen over and over again that hate never goes away. It only hides—waiting to reemerge whenever it is given just a little bit of oxygen. And today, across our country, we are seeing swastikas on cars, antisemitic banners on bridges, verbal and physical attacks against Jewish businesses and Jewish Americans – even Holocaust denialism. It’s vile. It goes against everything we value as Americans. And each of us must speak out against this poison. Together, we must affirm, over and over, that hate has no safe harbor in America. 

Human Rights Day/ Week

Yesterday was Human Rights Day and this week is Human Rights Week.  On Friday, President Biden issued a Presidential Proclamation (full text) recognizing the dates. December 10 is the anniversary of the U.N.'s adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Presidential Proclamation reads in part:

Around the world — from China to Burma, Afghanistan to Iran, Ethiopia to Ukraine, and beyond — courageous people are standing up to abuses of power, staying strong amid threats to their lives, and speaking out against violations of their fundamental freedoms. 

The United States stands fully with these brave women and men fighting for their basic human rights in the face of oppression and injustice — and we always will.  That is why we moved to rejoin the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2021 and reassert our moral leadership on the global stage.  It is why my Administration is amplifying the voices of religious, racial, and ethnic minorities; women and girls; LGBTQI+ communities; persons with disabilities; and pro-democracy activists and defenders, who are too often targeted by violence or denied equal protection under the law.

UN Issues Report On Human Rights Concerns In China's Uyghur Region

On Wednesday, the United Nations Human Rights Office issued a report on human rights concerns in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. (Full text of report.) A portion of the report focuses on restrictions on religious expression, and says in part:

The “Strike Hard” campaign has led to the adoption or amendment of various legal instruments to further tighten the regulation of religion.... “[E]xtremism” is defined broadly, while the legal instruments include a list of “primary expressions of extremism” that have in practice been accompanied by lists of “signs” of “religious extremism” to assist officials and the general public in identifying “extremist” behaviour.... These ... include conduct that may in the circumstances be of legitimate concern, such as “inciting ‘Jihad’, advocating and carrying out violent terrorist activities”, but range far more widely, encompassing an exceptionally broad range of acts that in themselves constitute exercise of protected fundamental freedoms connected to the enjoyment of cultural and religious life by these communities. These include wearing hijabs and “abnormal” beards; expanding the scope of “Halal”; closing restaurants during Ramadan; participating in cross-county religious activities “without valid reason”; using Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), social media and Internet to teach scriptures and preach; and giving one’s child a Muslim name....

Such exceptionally broad interpretations of “extremism”, often explicitly targeting standard tenets of Islamic religion and practice, in effect renders virtually all such conduct in potential breach of the regulation of religion....  An environment is thus created in which religious or cultural practice or expression is conflated with “extremism” ....

Alongside the increasing restrictions on expressions of Muslim religious practice are recurring reports of the destruction of Islamic religious sites, such as mosques, shrines and cemeteries....

China filed a 122-page response (full text) to the report contending that China is fighting terrorism and extremism. It says in part:

Religious extremists advocate extremist ideologies, incite hatred against other religions and "heretics", and undermine Xinjiang's religious harmony and ethnic unity.

AP reports on these developments.

International Day Commemorating Victims Of Religious Persecution

Today was International Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence based on Religion or Belief, so designated by a United Nations General Assembly Resolution (full text) adopted in 2019. A U.N. web page sets out the background and importance of the day. U.S. Secretary of State Anthony Blinken issued a statement (full text) saying in part:

May this day offer assurance to those suffering for their beliefs that the United States and likeminded partners have not forgotten or forsaken you.  We see you, we hear you, and we remain unwavering in our commitment to ensure your freedom, protection, and peaceful exercise of your beliefs.

The Council of the European Union issued a press release marking the occasion, saying in part:

In these times of armed conflicts and humanitarian crises across the globe, individuals, including those belonging to minority groups, continue to be discriminated against, persecuted targeted, killed, detained, expelled or forcefully displaced because of their religion or for holding humanists and /or atheist beliefs. Today is an opportunity to highlight their situation.

U.N. Appoints Oxford Prof As Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief

At the end of its 50th annual session on July 8, the United Nations Human Rights Council appointed Nazila Ghanea as Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief (press release). Ghanea is Professor of International Human Rights Law and Director of International Human Rights Programs at Britain's Oxford University (biography). Her research has included a focus on religious minorities in the Middle East, including Bahá'is in Iran. The United Nations press release announcing Ghanea's selection lists her nationality as Islamic Republic of Iran. 

Today Is International Holocaust Remembrance Day

Today is International Holocaust Remembrance Day as designated by United Nations Resolution 60/7 (full text), adopted by the General Assembly in 2005.  January 27 is the anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. Yesterday, President Biden announced the names of 12 individuals he intends to appoint to the United States Holocaust Memorial Council.  As chair, he will appoint Stuart Eizenstat.

U.N. Adopts Resolution Condemning Holocaust Denial

The United Nations General Assembly yesterday adopted by consensus a Resolution (full text) that condemns Holocaust denial or distortion. The Resolution, among other things, calls attention to the role of social media in spreading disinformation and misinformation. A United Nations press release announcing the Resolution points out:

The vote comes on the same day, 80 years ago, during the Wansee Conference, when top Nazi officials discussed and coordinated the genocide of the Jewish people, establishing the system of Nazi death camps.

According to The Hill, Iran "disassociated" from the Resolution.

Today Is International Human Rights Day

Today, December 10, is United Nations Human Rights Day, marking the 73rd anniversary of the General Assembly's adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This year's theme is "Reducing inequalities, advancing human rights". Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides:

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Yesterday, President Biden issued a Proclamation (full text) declaring today Human Rights Day and the beginning of Human Rights Week.

U.S. Returns As Member Of U.N. Human Rights Council

As reported by CNN, on Thursday the United States was elected by the U.N. General Assembly to the United Nations Human Rights Council. This reverses the Trump Administration's withdrawal from the Council three years ago. US Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield, commenting on the U.S.'s role, said in part:

[W]e will promote respect for fundamental freedoms and women's rights, and oppose religious intolerance, racial and ethnic injustices, and violence and discrimination against members of minority groups, including LGBTQI+ persons and persons with disabilities....

[The U.S.]  will oppose the Council's disproportionate attention on Israel, which includes the Council's only standing agenda item targeting a single country.

Also on Thursday, President Biden announced his intention to nominate Michèle Taylor as U.S Representative to the UN Human Rights Council with the rank of Ambassador. The Atlanta Jewish Times has extensive background information on Taylor.

UN Human Rights Official Calls For Taliban To Allow Equal Education For Women and End Child Marriage

Last week (Aug. 24), Reem Alsalem, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, issued a lengthy statement (full text) in response to an Aug. 17 news conference by Taliban leaders in Afghanistan.  The Taliban stated that women could work and girls could go to school "as long as such activities are in accordance with Sharia law." Alsalem said in part:

According to the Quran, no one has the right to impose religion, including religious law, on anyone else (verse 2:256).  This egalitarian approach to religious authority has found expression in the rich plurality and diversity of religious understanding and schools of jurisprudence (madhahib) which we have until today. Notably, women, like men also have an equal right and responsibility to interpret Sharia. It would be important that this rich diverse heritage would be allowed to continue all over the Muslim World, including in Afghanistan....

The  principles of justice and equality between the sexes mean that women and girls are entitled to seeking and accessing education on an equal footing as men. The first verses of the Quran that were revealed to the Prophet commanded all human beings, both man and woman to "learn" (Iqra') (verses 96:1-5) and to seek knowledge (verses 16:78; 17:85, and 20:114)....

As reports have been recently resurfaced of increased forced marriages, including child marriages, it is important to underline that for a Muslim marriage contract to be valid it needs to fulfill several requirements – key being that both individuals give their free consent....

Islamic jurisprudence on this is clear: All marriages must be carried out by mature individuals who have the mental, legal, intellectual, and physical capacity to give consent. This requirement means that child marriages are by definition null and void. In essence, a forced marriage is equivalent to rape, which is an abhorrent crime that is strictly forbidden in Islamic law and considered as hiraba (unlawful societal warfare), and for which the prescribed punishments are severe.

UN Tribunal Sentences 2 For War Crimes In Bosnia

The Guardian reports that the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia today sentenced Jovica Stanišić, former head of Serbia's state security service (DB), and his deputy Franko “Frenki” Simatović who ran DB’s special forces, to 12 years in prison for war crimes.  The court found that they provided support to the Serbian paramilitary units that engaged in ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian town of Bosanski Šamac. According to The Guardian:

The ruling marks the first time senior Serbian officials from Slobodan Milošević’s regime in the 1990s have been found guilty for war crimes committed in Bosnia.

It has been the longest running international war crimes case in history. Stanišić and Simatović were first charged in 2003.

The men have already served 6 years in jail while trials and appeals were under way. This will be deducted from their sentence. They are expected to appeal.

Today Is International Holocaust Remembrance Day

In a formal resolution adopted in 2005 (full text), the United Nations General Assembly designated January 27 each year as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. That date is the anniversary of the 1945 liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. The United Nations has posted a calendar of events that will mark this year's commemoration.  The United States Holocaust Museum will also be streaming programming to mark the day.

UPDATE: President Biden also issued a statement (full text), saying in part:

Today, we join together with people from nations around the world to commemorate International Holocaust Remembrance Day by remembering the 6 million Jews, as well as the Roma and Sinti, Slavs, disabled persons, LGBTQ+ individuals, and many others, who were murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators during the Shoah. We must never forget the truth of what happened across Europe or brush aside the horrors inflicted on our fellow humans because of the doctrines of hatred and division....

The United States will continue to champion justice for Holocaust survivors and their heirs. We are committed to helping build a world in which the lessons of the Holocaust are taught and in which all human lives are valued.

August 22: International Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief

Yesterday was designated by the United Nations as International Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief.  The designation was created by a Resolution (full text) passed by the General Assembly last May. The U.N. website devoted to the day links to a variety of relevant source material.

U.N. Conference On Role of Religious Leaders In Addressing COVID-19 Crisis

Yesterday, the United Nations General Assembly held a video conference on The Role of Religious Leaders In Addressing the Multiple Challenges of COVID-19. Here is background on the conference and a list of speakers. Here is a video of the entire 3-hour Conference. In his remarks (full text), U.N. Secretary General António Guterres said in part:

[W]e continue to see conflicts rage in many places — along with a rise in ethno-nationalism, stigma and hate speech targeting vulnerable communities and exacerbating suffering.  Meanwhile, extremists and radical groups are seeking to exploit eroding trust in leadership and feed on people’s vulnerability to serve their own ends.

 I ask faith leaders to actively challenge inaccurate and harmful messages, and encourage all communities to promote non-violence and reject xenophobia, racism and all forms of intolerance....

 Across the globe we are seeing an alarming increase in violence against women and girls as this pandemic spreads.... I appeal to religious leaders to categorically condemn such acts....

 [A]s we fight the spread of disinformation and misinformation, I ask religious leaders to leverage your networks and communication capacities to support governments in promoting WHO-recommended public health measures — from physical distancing to good hygiene — and to ensure that faith-based activities, including worship, religious ceremonies and burial practices, comply with these measures.

At the United Nations: Trump's Religious Liberty Forum; Report on Antisemitism; and Abortion Rights Concerns

Yesterday, on the first of his three day visit to the United Nations, President Donald Trump hosted a forum titled Global Call to Protect Religious Freedom. CBN and the New York Post reported on the event. Vice President Mike Pence opened the forum with remarks (full text) and an introduction of the President. President Trump, in an eleven-minute address (full text), said in part:

As we speak, Jews, Christians, Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhs, Yazidis, and many other people of faith are being jailed, sanctioned, tortured, and even murdered, often at the hands of their own government, simply for expressing their deeply held religious beliefs.  So hard to believe.

Today, with one clear voice, the United States of America calls upon the nations of the world to end religious persecution.

Trump also announced that the U.S. is creating a coalition of U.S. businesses that will encourage the private sector to protect people of all faiths in the workplace. Others speakers at the forum included U.N. Secretary General António Guterres and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo (video of their remarks).

In another development at the United Nations, the Secretary General on Friday released an interim report (full text) on Combatting Antisemitism. The 19-page report, from the U.N.'s Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, says in part:

The Special Rapporteur is alarmed by the increase in antisemitism in many countries driven by sources including individuals motivated by white supremacist and radical Islamist ideologies.... He is also concerned at the apparent increase in expressions of antisemitism emanating from sources on the political left as well as with discriminatory laws, regulations and policies of States.

Jerusalem Post covers the recently released report.

Also yesterday at the United Nations, world leaders reached agreement on the UN Political Declaration on Universal Health Coverage. (UN News report.) At the High Level Meeting on Universal Health Coverage, U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar spoke (full text of statement). On behalf of the U.S. and 18 other nations, he noted one area of concern:

The United States joins consensus on today’s political declaration, in recognition of the importance of better health for all, but we wish to state clearly that we disassociate from paragraph 68 of the Declaration.

We do not accept the terms “sexual and reproductive health” and “sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights” in this Declaration....

These terms must always include language, which some countries blocked, to remind U.N. agencies that each nation has the sovereign right to implement related programs and activities consistent with their laws and policies, and that these terms in no way imply that there is an international right to abortion.

CNN reports on Azar's remarks.

First International Day For Victims of Anti-Religious Violence

Yesterday was the International Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief, as created by a United Nations Resolution (full text) adopted earlier this year. The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom issued a statement (full text), saying in part:

Commemorating victims of violence based on religion or belief is critical, but that’s only the beginning of the world’s work to achieve justice for the survivors of past tragedies, like the genocide of Yazidis, Christians and Shi’a Muslims in Iraq by ISIS...