Court Denies TRO In Challenge To Trump's Executive Orders on Antisemitism

In McClanahan v. Trump, (WD MO, June 9, 2025), a Missouri federal district court refused to grant a temporary restraining order in a challenge to President Trump's Executive Orders directing federal agencies to use the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (“IHRA”) definition of antisemitism in enforcing Title VI of the Civil Rights Act and which direct federal agencies to withhold funding from universities that do not bar criticism of Israel.  According to the court:

Plaintiff brings his action challenging the constitutionality of Executive Orders 13899 and 14188 based on alleged violations of his First Amendment Right of free speech, Violation of his Fifth Amendment Right under the Due Process Clause; and violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment....

Plaintiff identifies five constitutional arguments he believes have a likelihood of succeeding on the merits. Those arguments are First Amendment – Viewpoint Discrimination; First Amendment – Chilling Effect; First Amendment – Right to Petition; Establishment Clause; and Fifth Amendment – Due Process and Vagueness. Defendants argue that Plaintiff has alleged not facts indicating a reasonable belief that he will lose his federal benefits and no link betweean y prospective loss of his federal benefits and the challenged executive orders. 

The court concluded that plaintiff's likelihood of success on any of these claims was low.

DOJ Sues California Coffee House for Discriminating Against Jewish Customers

On Monday, the Justice Department filed suit in a California federal district court against an Oakland, California coffee house alleging violations of Title II, the Public Accommodation provisions, of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The suit alleges that the coffee house refuses to serve Jewish patrons.  The complaint (full text) in United States v. Harara, (ND CA, filed 6/9/2025), alleges in part:

Among the drinks the coffee house sells are "Iced In Tea Fada," an apparent reference to intifada and "Sweet Sinwar." The coffee house announced these new drinks on Instagram on the one-year anniversary of the October 7, 2023 Hamas terrorist attacks on Israel....

The Justice Department's press release announcing the filing of the suit summarizes the discrimination charges in the complaint, saying in part:

The lawsuit ... alleges that defendants discriminated against Jewish customers through policies and practices that denied them the full and equal enjoyment of the Jerusalem Coffee House’s services, accommodations, and privileges. Specifically, the lawsuit alleges that on two separate occasions, Harara ordered Jewish customers — identified because they were wearing baseball caps with Stars of David on them — to leave the coffee house. During one incident, an employee told a Jewish customer who was trying to make a purchase, “You’re the guy with the hat. You’re the Jew. You’re the Zionist.  We don’t want you in our coffee shop. Get out.” During another incident, Harara accused another Jewish customer who was with his five-year-old son of wearing a “Jewish star,” being a “Zionist,” and supporting “genocide.” Harara repeatedly demanded that the customer and his son leave and falsely accused them of “trespassing” to the Oakland police....

NYC Mayor Adams Signs Executive Order on Antisemitism

On June 8, New York City Mayor Eric Adams signed Executive Order No. 52, Defining Antisemitism (full text), which instructs New York City Agencies to "consider as appropriate, the IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism ... as well as the 11 contemporary examples." The Forward, reporting on Mayor Adams' action, said in part:

Mayor Eric Adams is getting the jump on his rivals in the November mayoral race by adopting a controversial definition of antisemitism, a key issue in the crowded campaign....

Adams has made combating antisemitism central to his campaign. Elected as a Democrat in 2021, he has since left the party and is running for reelection on an independent line dubbed “End Antisemitism.”...

Former Gov. Andrew Cuomo, former Controller Scott Stringer and investor Whitney Tilson pledged to adopt the IHRA definition if elected. Others, including Brad Lander, who is Jewish, have argued that the definition would suppress criticism of Israeli policy.

Zohran Mamdani, a Democratic Socialist and a vocal critic of Israel who identifies as anti-Zionist, has spoken out against the use of measures which he says silence Palestinian voices and their allies. Mamdani is running second behind front-runner Cuomo.

NYC Mayor Creates Office to Combat Antisemitism

Earlier this week, New York City Mayor Eric Adams issued Executive Order 51 , (May 13, 2025), creating a Mayor's Office to Combat Antisemitism. The Executive Order provides in part:

The Office shall identify and develop efforts to eliminate antisemitism and anti-Jewish hate crime; coordinate non-law enforcement responses to incidents of antisemitism on behalf of the Office of the Mayor; and serve as a liaison with the Jewish community to address issues related to services for victims of hate crimes and bias incidents motivated by antisemitism, and security for vulnerable populations and institutions.

JNS reports on the Executive Order.

Student's Suit Against University President for Antisemitism Needs Additional Allegations

In Gerwaski v. State of Nevada ex rel. Board of Regents of the Nevada System of Higher Education, (D NV, May 5, 2025), a Jewish student at University of Nevada Las Vegas sued the university and its president over antisemitic treatment.  The court dismissed all claims against the University on 11th Amendment grounds except those under Title VI and Title VII. Several claims, including plaintiff's free exercise claim, against University President Whitfield were dismissed, but without prejudice so that plaintiff could refile them alleging additional facts.  According to the court:

Gerwaski is a Jewish student at UNLV who wears the Jewish skullcap, or kippah, at all times.  Gerwaski serves in the UNLV student government and was hired as an employee at the UNLV Lied Library in June 2023.  Gerwaski alleges that he was asked inappropriate questions about his Jewish heritage and sexual orientation during the library’s onboarding process and that he was “unjustly terminated” from that job in August 2023, “as a result of the blatant disparate treatment and antisemitism that was exhibited by supervisors.”...  Gerwaski has also been exposed to verbal assaults by protesting members of [Nevadans for Palestinian Liberation] who made hateful antisemitic comments to him.  Gerwaski has chosen to cover his kippah with a baseball cap or other head covering due to the antisemitic chants and chaos on the UNLV campus....

Whitfield argues that Gerwaski does not plausibly allege a free exercise claim because he alleges only that verbal harassment by non-parties caused him to choose to cover his kippah, not that Whitfield acted to burden his rights.  Gerwaski responds that Whitfield fomented and encouraged antisemitic behavior on campus and ignored Gerwaski’s complaints, leading Gerwaski to begin covering his kippah....  

... Gerwaski attempts to tie Whitfield’s toleration of protestors on campus to Gerwaski’s feeling that it was necessary to cover his kippah with a baseball cap to avoid conflict with those protestors.  However, Gerwaski’s free exercise claim must be based on government action that substantially burdens his religion, not the actions of non-parties.... I grant Gerwaski leave to amend this claim against Whitfield if he can plausibly allege additional facts to support the claim and tie those facts to an ongoing constitutional violation for which he seeks injunctive relief. 

Harvard Releases Reports on Antisemitism and Anti-Muslim Bias

Yesterday, Harvard University released the 311-page Final Report of its Presidential Task Force on Combating Antisemitism and Anti-Israeli Bias (full text) and also released the 222-page Final Report of its Presidential Task Force on Combating Anti-Muslim, Anti-Arab, and Anti-Palestinian Bias (full text). Harvard president Alan Garber issued a Statement (full text) accompanying the release of the reports, saying in part:

Separately and together, the task force reports reveal aspects of a charged period in our recent history, offering searing personal accounts as they hold up a mirror to our interactions with one another. During the listening sessions that took place last spring, Jewish, Israeli, and Zionist community members reported experiencing our campus climate as unwelcoming. In some cases, they hid overt markers of their identities to avoid confrontation. Muslim, Arab, Palestinian, and pro-Palestinian community members reported feeling judged, misrepresented, and silenced. Some found our existing policies and practices wanting when they needed support or sought action. Across our community, some questioned how issues concerning Israel and Palestine were addressed on our campus, noting that they found some seminars and lectures, panel discussions, and events open to the public to be one-sided, deepening feelings of exclusion and rejection, and calling into question our institutional commitment to excellence and rigor in our academic pursuits.

Especially disturbing is the reported willingness of some students to treat each other with disdain rather than sympathy, eager to criticize and ostracize, particularly when afforded the anonymity and distance that social media provides. Some students reported being pushed by their peers to the periphery of campus life because of who they are or what they believe, eroding our shared sense of community in the process.

Harvard cannot—and will not—abide bigotry. We will continue to provide for the safety and security of all members of our community and safeguard their freedom from harassment. We will redouble our efforts to ensure that the University is a place where ideas are welcomed, entertained, and contested in the spirit of seeking truth; where argument proceeds without sacrificing dignity; and where mutual respect is the norm....

USCIS Is Screening Immigration Applicants for Antisemitic Activity

Last week (April 9), the Department of Homeland Security announced that it will begin screening the social media of aliens applying for immigration benefits to determine whether they have been engaged in antisemitic activity. A News Release (full text) posted by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services reads in part:

Today U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will begin considering aliens’ antisemitic activity on social media and the physical harassment of Jewish individuals as grounds for denying immigration benefit requests. This will immediately affect aliens applying for lawful permanent resident status, foreign students and aliens affiliated with educational institutions linked to antisemitic activity.

... DHS will enforce all relevant immigration laws to the maximum degree, to protect the homeland from extremists and terrorist aliens, including those who support antisemitic terrorism, violent antisemitic ideologies and antisemitic terrorist organizations such as Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Hezbollah, or Ansar Allah aka: “the Houthis.”

... USCIS will consider social media content that indicates an alien endorsing, espousing, promoting, or supporting antisemitic terrorism, antisemitic terrorist organizations, or other antisemitic activity as a negative factor in any USCIS discretionary analysis when adjudicating immigration benefit requests....

Trump Selects Antisemitism and International Religious Freedom Ambassadors

President Trump announced yesterday on Truth Social that he is nominating Yehuda Kaploun as the United States Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Ambassador-at-Large. According to The Forward:

Trump’s announcement elicited a wave of sharply antisemitic comments on the social network....

Kaploun is affiliated with Chabad, the Orthodox movement, and was a fundraiser and surrogate for Trump during last year’s campaign.....

Kaploun is replacing Deborah Lipstadt.

Trump also announced on X (formerly Twitter) that he is nominating former Congressman Mark Walker as Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom. In his own post on X, Walker expressed his thanks to Trump, saying in part:

As a former minister, along with serving in Congressional leadership, I'm open-eyed to the bad actors and regions committing these atrocities against people of faith.

Both Kaploun's and Walker's nominations are required to be confirmed by the Senate. The White House has not indicated on its website that the nominations have yet been formally submitted to the Senate.

Antisemitism Claims Against UC Berkeley Move Ahead in Part

In Louis D. Brandeis Center, Inc. v. Regents of the University of California, (ND CA, March 31, 2025), plaintiffs allege that UC Berkeley has discriminated against Jewish faculty and students. The California federal district court allowed plaintiffs' free exercise, equal protection and Title VI claims to move forward. However, it dismissed plaintiffs' Sec. 1981 claim for discriminatory refusal to enter contracts. The court said in part:

The FAC [First Amended Complaint] alleges a series of events unfolding over the course of several months on campus, which are said to have been precipitated by a campus culture hostile to Jewish students and professors....  The FAC says that these events were perpetrated by students who professed to oppose Zionism, but actually intended to discriminate against Jewish students and professors because they are Jewish....  The FAC also alleges that Berkeley failed or refused to enforce its anti-discrimination policies as to its Jewish students and faculty in response to these events.... The FAC also plausibly alleges that Berkeley was deliberately indifferent to the on-campus harassment and hostile environment.... Consequently, Brandeis’s claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for violations of the Equal Protection and Free Exercise Clauses of the U.S. Constitution will go forward, as will the Title VI claim.  

It bears mention that the FAC repeatedly alleges that “Zionism is a central tenet of the Jewish faith.”...  This raises concerns about whether Brandeis intends to call upon the Court to determine the articles of faith of Judaism.  If so, a serious constitutional problem would arise....

The 42 U.S.C. § 1981 claim is dismissed.  The gist of this claim is that members of the plaintiff organizations who are legal academics cannot contract with certain Berkeley student organizations that adopted a bylaw barring invitations to individuals espousing Zionist beliefs....  Brandeis does not dispute it must show standing.... The complaint does not allege that any academic member has sought to contract with the organizations since adoption of the bylaw, been turned away on account of the bylaw, or has otherwise been put at a contractual disadvantage by the bylaw.

Education Department Threatens Enforcement Actions Against 60 Universities for Antisemitic Activities on Campus

 In a press release yesterday, the U.S. Department of Education said in part:

Today, the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR) sent letters to 60 institutions of higher education warning them of potential enforcement actions if they do not fulfill their obligations under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act to protect Jewish students on campus, including uninterrupted access to campus facilities and educational opportunities. The letters are addressed to all U.S. universities that are presently under investigation for Title VI violations relating to antisemitic harassment and discrimination.

Senate Judiciary Committee Holds Hearing on Antisemitism in America

On Wednesday, the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing titled Never To Be Silent: Stemming the Tide of Antisemitism in America. A video of the full hearing and transcripts of the prepared testimony by witnesses are available at the Committee's website.   Jewish News Syndicate reported on the hearing, describing it as a hearing "that addressed where to draw the line between free speech and Jew-hatred."

DOJ Starts Title VII "Pattern or Practice" Investigation of Antisemitism at University of California

The Department of Justice has launched an employment discrimination investigation of the University of California. A DOJ press release this week says in part:

The Federal Task Force to Combat Anti-Semitism announced that the Justice Department has opened a civil pattern or practice investigation into the University of California (UC) under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The investigation will assess whether UC has engaged in a pattern or practice of discrimination based on race, religion and national origin against its professors, staff and other employees by allowing an Antisemitic hostile work environment to exist on its campuses....

Under Title VII, the Justice Department has the authority to initiate investigations against state and local government employers where it has reason to believe that a “pattern or practice” of employment discrimination exists....

CBS News reports on the investigation.

New Report on Antisemitism in the U.S. Released

This week, the American Jewish Committee released its report on The State of Antisemitism in America 2024. The report is comprised of a survey of American Jews, a survey of the U.S. general public, and a comparison of the two surveys. Among the report's key findings are:

77% of American Jews say they feel less safe as a Jewish person in the U.S. because of the October 7, 2023, Hamas terrorist attacks.

Nearly six in 10 (56%) American Jews say they altered their behavior out of fear of antisemitism in 2024 – a sharp increase from previous years. In 2023, this number was 46%, and 38% in 2022.

90% of American Jews say antisemitism has increased in the U.S. since the Hamas terrorist attacks.

One-third (33%) of American Jews say they have been the personal target of antisemitism – in person or virtually – at least once over the last year.

Title VI Does Not Cover Protected Speech, But Antisemitic Actions at Cooper Union Went Beyond Speech

In Gartenberg v. The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, (SD NY, Feb. 5, 2025), a New York federal district court held that Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act must be applied consistent with the 1st Amendment, even as to private schools. In the case, a group of Jewish students asserted a claim for deliberate indifference to national-origin harassment under Title VI growing out of on-campus incidents after the Gaza-Israel conflict began. The court said in part:

First, speech “on a matter of public concern, directed to the college community,” will generally fail to “constitute unlawful harassment.” ...

[C]onstruing Title VI not to reach instances of pure speech on matters of public concern, or an institution’s failure to censor or punish the same, does not mean that such expression is irrelevant to determining whether actionable harassment occurred.  To make out a hostile environment claim, a plaintiff must plead (and then prove) not only that they suffered objectively severe or pervasive harassment, but that the harassment was motivated, at least in part, by a protected characteristic....

Cooper Union’s first line of defense is that none of the speech or conduct identified in Gartenberg’s Complaint was motivated by animus towards Jews, but was instead mere “criticism[] of Israel and/or its policies” and a “show[] of solidarity for the Palestinian cause.”... Gartenberg, by contrast, maintains that Zionism and support for Israel are “an integral part of the national origin and identity of many Jews,” and that Jews’ “belief in Israel as their ancestral national homeland is fundamental to their Jewish identity.” ...

... [T]his case can be resolved without opining on whether conduct or speech hostile to Zionism, itself a term subject to a considerable variety of interpretations, is necessarily antisemitic....

... That the demonstrators at Cooper Union generally avoided the use of overtly antisemitic language and symbols is ... not dispositive. Here, Gartenberg’s Complaint is replete with words and phrases that she alleges are thinly veiled “code words” designed to “activate conscious or subconscious [antisemitic] concepts and frames.”...  On October 25, 2023, for instance, pro-Palestinian students at Cooper Union chanted slogans like “[l]ong live the intifada,” “[r]esistance is justified,” and “[i]t is right to rebel.” ...  Although the parties offer competing interpretations of these slogans, when uttered just two weeks after the deadliest massacre of Jews since the Holocaust in a manner that reasonably appears to celebrate and glorify that same violence, the Court agrees that such phrases support at least a plausible inference of animus towards Jews....

Regardless of whether this expression is better characterized as righteous protest in support of a noble cause, as the vulgar celebration of terrorism and antisemitism, or as something in between, it is not a proper basis on which to impose civil liability on Cooper Union....

Gartenberg’s allegations, however, go beyond identifying instances of pure political speech.  Although the October 25 demonstration began as a peaceful, public protest concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Gartenberg alleges that after a couple hours a mob of protestors forced their way past campus security guards and into the Foundation Building....  

Once inside, the protestors obstructed the hallway and disrupted classes while apparently attempting to locate President Sparks.,,, Unable to find her, the protesters then “descended on the hallway surrounding the library” while continuing to chant their slogans...

It is plausible that this incident was physically threatening or humiliating to the Jewish students huddled inside the library.  The demonstrators “attempted to enter the library, banging on and rattling the locked library doors and shouting ‘let us in!’”...

The Court is dismayed by Cooper Union’s suggestion that the Jewish students should have hidden upstairs or left the building, or that locking the library doors was enough to discharge its obligations under Title VI.  These events took place in 2023—not 1943—and Title VI places responsibility on colleges and universities to protect their Jewish students from harassment, not on those students to hide themselves away in a proverbial attic or attempt to escape from a place they have a right to be.  In sum, the physically threatening or humiliating conduct that the Complaint alleges Jewish students in the library experienced “is entirely outside the ambit of the free speech clause,....

JNS reports on the court's decision.

Australia Strengthens Hate Crime Laws In Face of Rising Antisemitism

Yesterday, Australia's Parliament gave final passage to Amendments to Australia's Hate Crimes Law. (Full text of law.) (Full text of Explanatory Memorandum.) The law is intended to strengthen Australia's efforts to combat hate crimes, particularly in the face of rising incidents of antisemitism in the country. As summarized by BBC:

The new laws were passed following a wave of high-profile antisemitic attacks which have become a major topic of debate in the country.

The amendments have been described by the government as the "toughest laws Australia has ever had against hate crimes".

But critics say that the governing Labor Party is caving to opposition demands and going against its own policy of opposing mandatory jail sentences.

Under the amendments, displaying hate symbols or performing a Nazi salute is now punishable with at least one year in prison.

Other penalties include a minimum of three years for financing terrorism and six years for committing or planning terrorist acts.

University Did Not Violate Constitution by Permitting Anti-Zionist Encampment

In Groveman v. Regents of the University of California, (ED CA, Feb. 4, 2025), a California federal district court dismissed a suit alleging that the University of California Davis participated in the denial of plaintiff's constitutional rights when it allowed a pro-Palestinian encampment to continue even though it violated University rules on camping and obtaining permits. Plaintiff who is Jewish and identifies as a Zionist was blocked by the encampment from walking through the campus. He was told that Zionists are not welcome and was struck by an umbrella. Rejecting plaintiff's equal protection claim, the court said in part:

Plaintiff’s allegations fall short of establishing even a causal connection between defendants’ actions and plaintiff’s exclusion from the encampment, let alone that defendants acted with discriminatory intent.... Nor does plaintiff allege any facts suggesting that the university treated Jewish individuals differently than the encampment participants; there is no indication that Jewish individuals sought to establish an encampment, or that if they had, the university would have rebuffed them or prevented them from engaging in comparable treatment of pro-Palestinian protestors....

Rejecting plaintiff's free exercise claim, the court said in part:

Plaintiff alleges that defendants “deprived [him] of the right to express his Jewish identity freely” by “allowing the encampment to thwart religious dialog[ue]” in violation of the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment....  It is not possible to draw a plausible inference that defendants’ actions (or inactions) had the effect of favoring or disfavoring any religion or burdening plaintiff’s religious exercise....

The court also concluded that defendants had qualified immunity. Plaintiff's claim under Title VI was dismissed for lack of standing because he was not connected with any University program that received federal funding. Finally, the court rejected plaintiff's Americans With Disabilities Act claim. While plaintiff had a mobility issue, the fact "that a single path preferred by plaintiff was not accessible does not plead a violation of Title II of the ADA."

Justice Department Announces Multi-Agency Task Force to Combat Antisemitism

In a press release yesterday, the Department of Justice announced the formation of a multi-agency Task Force to Combat Anti-Semitism. According to the Release:

The Task Force’s first priority will be to root out anti-Semitic harassment in schools and on college campuses.

In addition to the Department of Justice, the Task Force will include representatives from the U.S. Department of Education, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and other agencies as it develops. The Task Force will be coordinated through the Department’s Civil Rights Division.

President Issues New Executive Order on Combatting Antisemitism

President Trump yesterday issued a new Executive Order (full text) titled Additional Measures to Combat Anti-Semitism. The Order reaffirms Executive Order 13899 issued by Trump during his prior term as President. That Order called for the use of Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act to combat antisemitism, and provided that federal agencies should use the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance's definition of antisemitism in their enforcement activities. The new Executive Order issued yesterday provides in part:

Sec. 2.  Policy.  It shall be the policy of the United States to combat anti-Semitism vigorously, using all available and appropriate legal tools, to prosecute, remove, or otherwise hold to account the perpetrators of unlawful anti-Semitic harassment and violence.

Sec. 3.  Additional Measures to Combat Campus Anti-Semitism.  (a)  Within 60 days of the date of this order, the head of each executive department or agency (agency) shall submit a report to the President ... identifying all civil and criminal authorities or actions within the jurisdiction of that agency, beyond those already implemented under Executive Order 13899, that might be used to curb or combat anti-Semitism, and containing an inventory and analysis of all pending administrative complaints ... against or involving institutions of higher education alleging civil-rights violations related to or arising from post-October 7, 2023, campus anti-Semitism....

(c)  The Attorney General is encouraged to employ appropriate civil-rights enforcement authorities, such as 18 U.S.C. 241, to combat anti-Semitism.

The White House yesterday, ahead of releasing the text of the Executive Order, distributed a Fact Sheet (full text) titled: "President Donald J. Trump Takes Forceful and Unprecedented Steps to Combat Anti-Semitism." The Fact Sheet says in part that:

Immediate action will be taken by the Department of Justice to protect law and order, quell pro-Hamas vandalism and intimidation, and investigate and punish anti-Jewish racism in leftist, anti-American colleges and universities.

The Order demands the removal of resident aliens who violate our laws.

Today Is International Holocaust Remembrance Day

As designated by the United Nations, today is International Holocaust Remembrance Day. January 27 was chosen because it is the anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration and extermination camps by Soviet troops in 1945. U.N. Secretary General António Guterres issued a Message (full text) today marking the anniversary, saying in part:

Eighty years since the Holocaust’s end, antisemitism is still with us – fuelled by the same lies and loathing that made the Nazi genocide possible. And it is rising. Discrimination is rife...

Hate is being whipped-up the world over… Indisputable historical facts are being distorted, diminished, and denied… And efforts are being made to recast and rehabilitate Nazis and their collaborators. We must stand up to these outrages.

In these days of division – and more than a year since the appalling 7th October terror attacks by Hamas – we must hold fast to our common humanity. We must condemn antisemitism – just as we must condemn all forms of racism, prejudice and religious bigotry. And we must renew our resolve to defend the dignity and human rights of all. Those causes go to the very core of the United Nations. We will never forget – and we will never waver in that fight.

Harvard Settles Suit Charging Antisemitism in Violation of Title VI

The Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law issued a press release yesterday announcing that a settlement agreement has been reached in a suit filed last May against Harvard University charging Harvard with tolerating antisemitic bullying, harassment, and discrimination aimed at Jewish and Israeli students in violations of Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. An email from Harvard Hillel summarizes the settlement:

Adoption of the IHRA definition of antisemitism for purposes of discipline;

Explicitly recognizing Zionism as a protected category under the university’s non-discrimination policy;

A dedicated position for antisemitism complaints and reporting;

Annual public reporting on antisemitism-related cases and their outcomes for at least five years (including retrospective to October 1, 2023);

Mandatory outside training for staff reviewing antisemitism complaints;

Expanded academic programming on anti-Semitism;

Partnerships with an Israeli University and with the Brandeis Center.