Studies Estimate Costs To U.S. Catholic Church of Sex Scandals Are In the Billions of Dollars

The National Catholic Reporter yesterday published the results of its extensive research into the cost of the sex-abuse crisis to the Catholic Church in the United States.  In the most extensive review yet from numerous sources, the publication concluded that since 1950 the Church has paid out at least $3.99 billion in judgments and settlements, and in expenses for therapy for victims, support for offenders, attorneys' fees, child protection efforts and related costs.  And it is known that this total is low because data is not available as to certain related expenditures.

Meanwhile another study published in the Journal of Public Economics and also reported on yesterday by the National Catholic Reporter concludes that the more than 3000 scandals in Catholic dioceses around the U.S. between 1980 and 2010 has led to a decline in charitable giving to the Church and other charities of billions of dollars.  As summarized by NCR:

"The estimates suggest that each scandal caused a decline of 1.3% in the total itemized charitable giving in the affected zip code per year," Harvard-trained economist Perez-Truglia explained in an email. "Multiplying that 1.3% by the total itemized giving in the zip codes affected by the 3,000+ scandals results in a decline in itemized contributions of about $1.77 billion per year.

"But that number does not include the effect on non-itemized contributions," which account for 25 percent of all giving, according to Perez-Truglia, who is a postdoctoral researcher at Microsoft Research. "Assuming that the effect for non-itemizers is similar to the effect found for itemizers, the total cost in charitable contributions would be $2.36 billion per year."

Catholic Orphanages In India End Adoption Services In Protest Over New Government Policies

Catholic Review and CNS reported this week that in India, the Missionaries of Charity-- a religious order that operates orphanages across the country-- will no longer offer children for adoption because of its disagreement with new government adoption guidelines.  The organization, founded by Mother Teresa, is asking the government to remove recognition of the 18 of its orphanages that have operated as adoption centers.  Traditionally they have allowed adoption only by married couples.  At issue are guidelines from the federal Ministry of Women and Child Development adopted in July that now require adoption centers to allow adoption by single individuals, apparently including unmarried adults in same-sex relationships, couples living together, and individuals who are divorced or separated. (Under the guidelines, single men  can only adopt boys.)  The Catholic order also objects that potential adoptive parents will be allowed to review the files of up to six children rather than taking the best match as determined by orphanage officials. The new government guidelines are designed to increase the number of adoptions.

Appeals Court Affirms Archdiocese's Right To Close Local Church

In Roman Catholic Archbishop of Boston v. Rogers, (MA App., Oct. 14, 2015), the Appeals Court of Massachusetts affirmed the trial court's entry of an injunction against former parishioners of Frances X. Cabrini Church in Scituate. (See prior posting.) The Archdiocese had announced plans to close the church and deconsecrate it.  Parishioners who object to those plans have conducted a 24-hour vigil in the church building for over ten years.  The court affirmed the trial court's findings that the parishioners are intentionally trespassing in the church which, under principles of secular law, is owned by the Archdiocese. The court refused to consider defendant's claim that they are equitable owners of the church under canon law.  Boston Globe reports on the decision. [Thanks to Tom Rutledge for the lead.]

ACLU Sues Catholic Hospitals Over Denial of Abortions To Treat Serious Medical Complications

In a federal lawsuit filed last week, the ACLU sued a Michigan-based Catholic health care system charging that its hospitals violate federal law by denying appropriate emergency care to women suffering pregnancy complications, including miscarriages. The complaint (full text) in American Civil Liberties Union v. Trinity Health Corporation, (ED MI, filed 10/1/2015), contends that the hospitals, by following the Conference of Bishops' Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services ban on terminating a woman's pregnancy under any conditions, violate the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act as well as the Rehabilitation Act. In a press release announcing the filing of the lawsuit, the ACLU said in part:

We’re taking a stand today to fight for pregnant women who are denied potentially life-saving care because doctors are forced to follow religious directives rather than best medical practices. Catholic bishops are not licensed medical professionals and have no place dictating how doctors practice medicine, especially when it violates federal law.

Pope Francis Reforms Church's Annulment Process

As reported by CNN and Vatican Radio, Pope Francis today issued two Apostolic  Letters motu proprio (by the Pope's own initiative) introducing major changes in the Church procedures for annulling marriages. One of the letters, Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus (full text in Latin and Italian) reforms the Code of Canon Law of the Latin Church, while the other, Mitis et misericors Iesus (full text in Latin and Italian) reforms the Code of Canon Law for Oriental Churches. According to CNN, the documents make three major changes in the annulment process:  (1) they eliminate a second review by a cleric before a marriage can be nullified; (2) they give bishops the ability to fast-track and grant the annulments themselves in certain circumstances, for example when spousal abuse or an extramarital affair has occurred; and (3) they provide that the annulment process should be free, except for a nominal fee for administrative costs, and should be completed within 45 days.

Catholic Bishops Issue Labor Day Statement

The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops this weekend issued its annual Labor Day Statement, saying in part:

The continuing struggles of most families to make ends meet are on display before our eyes, both at home and abroad. This Labor Day, we have a tremendous opportunity to reflect on how dignified work with a living wage is critical to helping our families and our greater society thrive....

This Labor Day, the violation of human dignity is evident in exploited workers, trafficked women and children, and a broken immigration system that fails people and families desperate for decent work and a better life. How do we participate in this wounding of human dignity, through choices about the clothes we wear, food we eat, and things we buy--most of which is unaffordable to the very workers who make it? .... These are difficult questions to ask, yet we must ask them. 

This year's statement gives particular attention to Pope Francis' recent encyclical, Laudato Si’ (see prior posting).  The USCCB website also makes available extensive legislative advocacy statements and background materials on labor and employment.

Catholic Diocese Can Move To Trial In 20-Year Battle To Create A Cemetery

Last week, a New York federal district court came down with another decision in the battle-- waged since 1994-- by the Catholic Diocese of Rockville Centre, New York to develop the Queen of Peace Cemetery in the Long Island village of Old Westbury.  The cemetery, which would be on a vacant 97-acre parcel that was once a horse farm, has already been the subject of extensive state court litigation. At issue in this lawsuit are restrictions imposed by the Village under its Places of Worship (POW) zoning law.  In Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockville Centre, New York v. Incorporated Village of  Old Westbury, (ED NY, Sept. 3, 2015), the court rejected a facial constitutional challenge to the POW law as well as a RLUIPA equal terms claim.  A 2011 federal court decision rejected various other federal and state claims. (See prior posting.), However last week's decision allowed the Diocese to proceed to trial on a RLUIPA substantial burden claim, an as-applied constitutional challenge to the POW law, a First Amendment Free Exercise claim, a retaliation claim and a claim for unlawful search of the cemetery site by a village official. New York Law Journal today has more background on the case.

Mirror of Justice Blogger Robert Araujo Posts Sad Farewell

On Sunday, Loyola University Chicago Law Professor Robert John Araujo, S.J., posted a sad farewell on Mirror of Justice to which he has contributed for ten years.  Mirror of Justice is a wonderful blog dedicated to the development of Catholic legal theory, and Prof. Araujo's posts have been an important part of the blog's contribution to thinking about law and religion.  Prof. Araujo writes that he is now in palliative/hospice care while finishing his final scholarly project -- a book on the Declaration on Religious Liberty and its relevance to the law. We all salute Prof Araujo for his scholarly contributions on Papal diplomacy, religious liberty and Catholic social thought.  Even more so, we salute him for the courageous example he has set in facing impossibly difficult health care decisions.

Suit Threatened Against Catholic Hospital For Refusing Sterilization Procedure

The San Francisco Chronicle reported yesterday that the ACLU is threatening to sue a Catholic hospital in Redding, California because it refuses to perform sterilization procedures. Rachel Miller who is scheduled to have her second child in late September wants a tubal ligation performed at the same time.  Her Catholic hospital in Redding, California-- owned by Dignity Health-- refuses to permit the procedure under its Ethical and Religious Directives.  Miller would have to travel 160 miles to find a hospital that will take her insurance and perform the procedure. California law permits Catholic hospitals to refuse to perform abortions, but not other pregnancy-related procedures.  The ACLU contends that the hospital's refusal amounts to sex discrimination and violates California's ban on the corporate practice of medicine by allowing a corporate entity's religious beliefs to override a doctor's medical decision.

UPDATE:  CBS San Francisco reported on Aug. 25 that Mercy Medical Center has now approved the tubal ligation procedure for Rachel Miller.

Milwaukee Archdiocese Settles Remaining Abuse Claims In Bankruptcy Reorganization

The Archdiocese of Milwaukee announced yesterday that it has reached a collective settlement with survivors of clergy sexual abuse that will permit it to complete its four-and-one-half year old Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Reorganization. Key details of the settlement are set out in a summary posted on the Archdiocese's website. Under the settlement, 330 survivors will share $21 million. In addition a $500,000 therapy fund will be set up. 92 additional claimants whose claims were not substantiated will receive $2000 each. The funds for the settlement will come from various sources, including parishes and insurers.  The Cemetery Perpetual Care Trust whose liability has been the subject of extensive litigation will lend the Archdiocese $3 million; reimburse the Archdiocese for $5 million of past cemetery care expenses; and contribute $8 million to settle all claims against its assets.

Attorneys' fees so far have totaled $18.5 million, with additional fees capped at $1.25 million.  Fox 6 News reports that the settlement will be submitted to the bankruptcy court in an Aug. 24 filing, with a hearing scheduled for Nov. 9.  The article also carries the negative reaction to the settlement by advocates for abuse victims, as well as Archbishop Jerome Listecki's favorable reaction to the settlement.

Religious Order Sued By Two Victims For Sex Abuse From 35 Years Ago

As reported in a press release on Tuesday from Jeff Anderson & Associates, two new clergy abuse lawsuits were filed this week in state court in Minnesota:

Civil lawsuits were filed today by two men who were sexually abused as minors by clergy at Crosier Seminary in Onamia, Minn. Doe 51 and Doe 56 were molested by multiple priests and brothers of the Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross (“Crosier”) religious order. Several of the clergy named in the complaints also interacted with and sexually abused children throughout Minnesota, including at parishes and schools in the Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis, and the Diocese of St. Cloud.

Doe 51 was sexually abused from approximately 1979-81 by Father Gerald Funcheon, Brother Gabriel Guerrero and Brother Roman Fleischhacker, when Doe 51 was approximately 15-17 years old. Doe 56 was sexually abused in approximately 1979-80 by Funcheon, Brother Wendell Mohs and Father Roger Vaughn, when Doe 56 was approximately 14-15 years old. The perpetrators were assigned to Crosier Seminary at the time they abused Doe 51 and Doe 56, who attended the seminary.

The complaint (full text) in Doe 56 v. Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross and (full text) in Doe 51 v. Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross, (MN Dist. Ct., filed 7/28/2015) charge defendant religious order with negligence, negligent supervision and negligent retention of the offending clergy. The Minnesota Child Victim Act enacted in 2013 extended the statute of limitations in child sex abuse cases, including creating a retroactive 3-year window for victims whose claims were previously barred.

New Jersey Archdiocese Sues Challenging Restrictions On Its Cemeteries Selling Headstones

According to the New York Times, the Catholic Archdiocese of Newark filed a federal lawsuit yesterday challenging the constitutionality of a New Jersey law (see prior posting) that bars religious groups which operate cemeteries from also selling headstones or offering various other kinds of funeral services.  The law, which takes effect next year, was enacted earlier this year in response to pressure from the trade association representing small independent companies that produce monuments and private mausoleums. Yesterday's lawsuit was filed on the Archdiocese's behalf by the Institute for Justice, a libertarian public interest law firm that pursues cases defending economic liberty.

Ecclesiastical Abstention Doctrine Prevents Suit Over Catholic Health Care Directive

In Means v. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, (WD MI, June 30, 2015), plaintiff sued for negligence claiming that policies promulgated by the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops and adopted by Catholic Health Ministries, the sponsor of a health care system, resulted in her receiving improper information and treatment for a condition that led to a miscarriage.  She was not informed of the serious risk to her health if she continued her pregnancy after a membrane rupture and was not informed of the option of terminating her pregnancy.  A Michigan federal district court held that it lacked jurisdiction under Michigan's long-arm statute over USCCB. It held that the ecclesiastical abstention doctrine precludes it from adjudicating the claims against the other defendants:

Plaintiff has not sufficiently demonstrated that Michigan law recognizes a duty to a patient by a sponsor of a hospital network....  Even if Plaintiff could articulate a cognizable legal duty, the Court could not adjudicate the elements of breach and proximate cause because it necessarily implicates the ecclesiastical abstention doctrine... which prevents the Court from interpreting religious doctrinal texts. Plaintiff has not presented a way for this Court or a jury to analyze CHM’s duty, breach, or causation without reference to the text of the [Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services], which are an expression of Catholic doctrine.

Vatican Drops the Other Shoe In Attacking Mishandling of Sex Abuse Claims

Just days after the Vatican announced a new Tribunal to hear cases of bishops who fail to protect children from sexually abusive priests (see prior posting) and the criminal indictment of the St. Paul-Minneapolis Catholic Archdiocese for inadequate responses to reports of sexual abuse (see prior posting), the Archbishop and Auxiliary Bishop of the St. Paul-Minneapolis Archdiocese have resigned. According to the National Catholic Reporter, on Monday the Vatican announced the resignations of both Archbishop John Nienstedt and Auxiliary Bishop Lee Piché. Nienstedt had been charged with mishandling complaints against convicted former priest Curtis Wehmeyer, and later unproven charges were leveled against Nienstedt himself claiming inappropriate sexual contact with adults and a boy. Piché oversaw the investigation of Nienstedt, and for a while headed the Archdiocese.  Newark, New Jersey Coadjutor Archbishop Bernard Hebda has been appointed Apostolic Administrator for the Archdiocese.

AP has a timeline of key events in the Archdiocese scandal. Wall Street Journal points out that all of this is taking place as the Archdiocese is going through a bankruptcy reorganization.

Meanwhile, the Vatican also announced on Monday that former apostolic nuncio to the Dominican Republic, Jozef Wesolowski, will be criminally tried in the Tribunal of the Vatican City State.  Wesolowski is charged with sexual abuse of minors while in the Dominican Republic, and possession of child pornography while in Rome. (See prior posting.)

Minneapolis Archdiocese Charged Criminally For Inadequate Responses To Priest Abuse

In a 44-page criminal complaint (full text) filed today, the state of Minnesota charged the Catholic Diocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis with contributing to the need for protection or services and contributing to the delinquency or status as a juvenile offender in connection with three separate victims of clergy sexual abuse. A civil complaint was also filed by the state.  As summarized by the Minneapolis Star Tribune:

The charges stem from the archdiocese’s oversight of former priest Curtis Wehmeyer, who is now serving a prison term for abusing two boys while he was pastor of Blessed Sacrament Church in St. Paul.

At a press conference, Ramsey County Attorney John Choi said:

Today we are alleging a disturbing institutional and systemic pattern of behavior committed by the highest levels of leadership of the archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis over the course of decades.

By filing criminal charges and taking civil action, we are holding the archdiocese accountable for its failure to responsibly and meaningfully respond to numerous and repeated reports of troubling conduct by Curtis Wehmeyer.

The New York Times also reported on the filing of the six misdemeanor charges, each of which carries a maximum fine of $3000. By filing charges only against the Archdiocese, and not against individuals, the possibility of imposing the 1 year prison sentence that is also available on each charge disappears.

UPDATE: Here is an audio recording of the news conference in which the County Attorney announced the criminal charges. According to MPR News, he said that the investigation continues, but as of now prosecutors do not have sufficient evidence to charge any individual church officials criminally. [Thanks to Tom Rutledge for the update lead.]

Church Sues To Enforce Bequest

The Tampa Bay Times reported yesterday on a lawsuit filed by Christ the King Catholic Church, one of the Tampa, Florida area's most prominent churches, against Teresa "Terri" Gaffney, a lawyer who is prominent in the Hillsborough County Republican Party.  The church says that Gaffney's father John J. Gaffney who died in 2011 had directed in his will that his house be sold, the proceeds used to pay any remaining expenses for his care, and the remainder be distributed to the Church.  But instead, Theresa Gaffney transferred the house to her daughter.  Gaffney says the house was never willed to the Church, and that the Church is suing her because her children have been raised in the Jewish faith of her husband. The house is valued at $344,000.

Kansas Catholic School Sued Over Child Neglect Report

Saturday's Kansas City Star reported on a lawsuit filed in Johnson County, Kansas state court last month against the Catholic Archdiocese of Kansas City, Sacred Heart Catholic Church and its school principal.  Plaintiff Melissa Schroeder claims that she told the school her 10-year old daughter was suffering significant health problems from ongoing bullying. Instead of resolving the problem, the suit alleges that school officials filed a false report with the state child welfare agency claiming abuse and neglect, reporting that the child's mother falsified the child's medical documents and had requested an exorcism for her daughter.

Court Orders Parishioners To End 10+ Year Vigil Protesting Church Closure

A Massachusetts trial court yesterday granted the Boston Catholic Archdiocese an injunction to end the ten and one-half year vigil that parishioners of the now-closed St. Frances X. Cabrini Church in Scituate (MA) have been maintaining inside the church.  On the website of the Friends organization supporting the vigil, parishioners say:

The members of St. Frances believe that we have been unjustly shuttered via the flawed process of reconfiguration introduced by the Archdiocese of Boston and that this misguided decision was based solely on the value of our parish property - 30.3 acres of prime coastal real estate.

In Roman Catholic Archbishop of Boston v. Rogers, (MA Super. Ct., May 14, 2015), the court held that the former parishioners "are unlawfully and intentionally committing a trespass by the continuation of the protest vigil on the premises of the church."  The court rejected defendants' arguments that it lacks jurisdiction over the suit because the claims require the interpretation of ecclesiastical principles. saying:

defendants' argument conflates the issues of whether the parish may be closed (an eccleisastical question) with whether an owner in control of property may determine when individuals may be on property (a civil law question).  Because the latter may be decided by neutral principles of property law, this court may proceed to hear the facts and decide whether defendants' vigil is a trespass and whether an injunction should issue.

The court also rejected parishioners' defense of laches, and their $37,000 counterclaim for amount spent on upkeep and maintenance during the vigil. AP reports on the decision.  The Quincy Patriot Ledger reports that defendants plan an appeal and plan to ask the trial court to suspend the injunction pending appeal.  Otherwise it will take effect on May 29.

Pennsylvania Supreme Court Reinstates Priest's Child Endangerment Conviction; Trial Court Orders Him Back To Prison

On Monday in Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Lynn, (PA Sup. Ct., April 27, 2015), the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, in a 4-1 decision, reinstated the conviction of Msgr. William J. Lynn who had been sentenced to prison for 3 to 6 years on charges of endangering the welfare of children. Lynn is the first U.S. priest criminally convicted of covering up sexual molestation of minors by another priest. An appeals court reversed the conviction, holding that the statute under which Lynn was convicted only applies to a person who is directly in charge of a child, not to someone supervising the person in charge. (See prior posting.) Now the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has reversed the appellate court, holding "the statute is plain and unambiguous that it is not the child that Appellee must have been supervising, but the child’s welfare." The court explained:

[T]he requirement of supervision is not limited to only certain forms of supervision, such as direct or actual, as the Superior Court held. By its plain terms it encompasses all forms of supervision of a child’s welfare.... Further, as the Commonwealth correctly argues, supervision is routinely accomplished through subordinates, and is no less supervisory if it does not involve personal encounters with the children. Like Appellee, school principals and managers of day care centers supervise the welfare of the children under their care through their management of others. Depending upon the facts, they could be criminally liable for endangering the welfare of the children under their supervision if they knowingly place sexually abusive employees in such proximity to them as to allow for the abuse of these youth.

Chief Justice Saylor filed a dissenting opinion.

As reported by the Philadelphia Daily News, in January 2014 after the state appeals court (Superior Court) reversed Lynn's conviction, Lynn was released from prison on bail, but ordered to remain under house arrest pending the appeal to the state Supreme Court.  Yesterday a common pleas court judge ordered Lynn back to prison. Lynn's attorney said he will file an emergency petition with the Superior Court seeking Lynn's release on bail again while additional issues are resolved on appeal.

Catholic Bishop Robert Finn, Convicted of Not Reporting Sex Abuse, Resigns

According to the National Catholic Reporter, the Vatican yesterday announced that Pope Francis has accepted the resignation of Bishop Robert Finn, head of the diocese of St. Joseph-Kansas City, Missouri.  In September 2012, Finn became the first bishop convicted criminally for failure to report suspicion of child abuse by a priest in his diocese. (See prior posting.) Parishioners have been calling for Finn's resignation, and Vatican's Congregation for Bishops conducted an apostolic visitation in September 2014 to investigate. In a posting on its website, the St. Joseph-Kansas City Diocese announced the resignation and the appointment of Kansas Archbishop Joseph F. Naumann as Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese.