Challenge To Hearing Scheduled For Rosh Hashanah Is Rejected

In Tarbutton v. Tarbutton, (LA App., June 27, 2018), a Louisiana state appeals court rejected a claim by a litigant seeking spousal support that her religious freedom rights were infringed when the trial court refused to reschedule a hearing on the matter scheduled for Rosh Hashanah.  Having already received one continuance, Brenna Tarbutton filed another motion for a continuance one day before the hearing.  Since her ex-husband refused to consent to the continuance, the court held the hearing without Brenna present.  At the hearing, it refused to admit into evidence her affidavit of income and expenses. The court said in part:

Not all burdens on religion are unconstitutional and the court may consider important governmental interests in assessing a limitation of a party’s First Amendment rights....

It was Breanna’s delay in filing her motion that required the hearing on the continuance to be held on the asserted holy day. In addition, Breanna’s claim that she was unable to file her motion sooner because of “confusion” about the date of the holy day is not plausible, since she could have consulted a calendar or a religious official to determine the date well before the afternoon prior to the hearing which had been scheduled two months earlier.

Objections To Child's Vaccination Were Not Genuine Religious Beliefs

In Miller v. Dicherry, (LA App, May 29, 2018), a Louisiana state appellate court rejected objections of a mother, who was the domiciliary parent under a joint custody decree, to having her child vaccinated.  The mother argued that she had a First Amendment right to refuse routine vaccinations for her child on religious grounds.  The court held that the mother's objections did not stem from a genuinely held religious beliefs.  It upheld the trial court's grant of authority to the child's father to make the medical decision that the child be vaccinated.  The court said in part:

[T]he trial court found that Ms. Dicharry's "reluctance to have her child vaccinated arises from a personal, moral, or cultural feeling against vaccination for her minor child." The trial court found that "[ t]hese views and feelings are more in the nature of a secular philosophy than a religious belief." Considering the record, we find no manifest error in the trial court's factual determinations.

Consent Decree Settles Louisiana Religion In Schools Lawsuit

Last week, a Louisiana federal district court approved a consent decree (full text) in Cole v. Webster Parish School Board, (WD LA, May 11, 2018).  The suit charged that the school district extensively promoted Christianity in its schools. (See prior posting.)  The consent decree bars prayers at school events, bars religious baccalaureate services, prohibits holding school events at religious venues and bars school officials from promoting their personal religious beliefs to students in class or at school events.  ACLU issued a press release announcing the consent decree.

At Hearing Judicial Nominee Retreats From Prior Pro-Life Comments

Yesterday the Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing on the nomination of Wendy Vitter to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Louisiana.  NPR reports on the hearing:

Wendy Vitter, nominated by President Trump for a federal judgeship, tried Wednesday to walk back several controversial comments she made about abortion and birth control.

Questioned by skeptical Democrats at her confirmation hearing, she maintained she could "put aside" her long-held "pro-life" advocacy, and as a judge enforce the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade decision on abortion rights.

In particular, Vitter sought to distance herself from a brochure she had appeared to endorse while leading a panel at a pro-life conference in 2013. The panel was called "Abortion Hurts Women," and the brochure promoted a variety of unsubstantiated claims linking birth control pills to breast cancer, cervical and liver cancers, and "violent death."

College Coach Sues Alleging He Was Not Hired Because of His Jewish Heritage

A Title VII lawsuit was filed in Louisiana federal district court this week by a former assistant football coach at the Baptist-affiliated Louisiana College.  Plaintiff Joshua Bonadona, whose mother is Jewish, was raised in the Jewish religion.  He converted to Christianity while a student at Louisiana College, and was employed as an assistant football coach there for two years after he graduated.  He then went to Southeast Missouri State University for graduate work combined with a coaching position.  Two years after that he applied for an Assistant Coach opening that had arisen back at Louisiana College.  The complaint (full text) in Bonadona v. Louisiana College,  (WD LA, filed 2/21/2018), alleges that Bonadona received assurances from Louisiana College's head coach that he would be hired for the position.  In reliance on that he resigned his Southeast Missouri position.  However Louisiana College president, Dr. Rick Brewer, vetoed the hiring because of Bonadona's "Jewish blood." The lawsuit contends:

People of Jewish heritage are protected as a distinct race under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  Sharre Tefila Congregation v. Cobb, 481 U.S. 615 (1987).  As such, employment discrimination against an individual based upon his Jewish ethnic heritage is prohibited under 42 U.S.C. 2000e-2.

Yahoo Sports and the Bayou Brief report on the lawsuit.

UPDATE: Louisiana College issued a statement denying allegations in the lawsuit.

Louisiana School District Sued Over Prayers and Proselytizing

Four parents yesterday filed a federal lawsuit against the Bossier Parish, Louisiana school board alleging widespread Establishment Clause violations.  The complaint (full text) in Does 1-4 v. Bossier Parish School Board, (WD LA, Feb. 7, 2018) alleges in part:

3. School officials throughout the Bossier Parish School System regularly deliver or promote the delivery of Christian prayers at school-sponsored events.  Prayers begin and often end graduation ceremonies, sporting events, sports teams’ practices and banquets, pep rallies, and student-council meetings. Many of these school-sponsored events are also held in churches, including within the sanctuary or other rooms bearing religious iconography, thus creating an atmosphere closer to Sunday school than to public school.

 4. What is more, some Bossier Parish teachers proselytize during class, pray aloud for students, require young students to memorize sectarian prayers, and tell students of all religious backgrounds that to be a good person one be Christian.  Bossier Parish teachers and administrators have also placed religious displays in their classrooms and offices, advertised events sponsored by local churches, and incorporated religious teachings, beliefs, or doctrine, like Creationism, into the curriculum. Further, some Bossier Parish teachers, staff, and administrators have endorsed and conferred special favors on sectarian religious clubs and have developed practices that expose the private beliefs of students who do not wish to participate in these organizations, subjecting these children to coercive pressure to join, and ostracization by their classmates if they do not. 

Americans United issued a press release announcing the filing of the lawsuit.

Impact On The Ground of School-Prayer Lawsuit

As previously reported, in December the mother of a Louisiana high school student filed suit against a local school board alleging extensive Establishment Clause violations.  Yesterday, CNN took an in-depth look at the extent to which religion has pervaded Lakeside Junior/High School, and at the impact on students and parents of the school's decision, in response to the pending lawsuit, to end recitation of the Lord's Prayer each morning.

Louisiana AG and Rep Release Pamphlet On Student Religious Rights

As reported by the New Orleans Times-Picayune, yesterday Louisiana's attorney general and one of its members of Congress released a new 15-page publication Louisiana Student Rights Review: Answers to Common Questions About Religious Freedom In Schools. The Introduction to the Q&A format pamphlet says in part:

The right to religious expression, in particular, has been increasingly challenged and misunderstood in recent years, and many people have been led to believe our elementary and secondary schools must be “religion-free” zones. To the contrary, both federal and state laws specifically protect religious freedom rights in public schools. Thankfully, Congress and our state legislature still recognize the fundamental importance of religious liberty—the first freedom listed in the Constitution’s Bill of Rights.

Suit Charges Louisiana School Promotes Christian Beliefs and Broadcasts Daily Prayer

In Louisiana yesterday, the mother of a high school student filed suit against a local school board alleging extensive Establishment Clause violations.  The complaint (full text) in Cole v. Webster Parish School Board, (WD LA, filed 12/18/2017) alleges in part:

2 ... [T]he Webster Parish School District has a longstanding custom, policy, and practice of promoting and inculcating Christian religious beliefs by sponsoring religious activities and conveying religious messages to students, including by broadcasting prayers daily over school speakers.

3. So engrained is official promotion of religion at Webster Parish schools that virtually all school events—such as sports games, pep rallies, assemblies, and graduation ceremonies—include school-sponsored Christian prayer, religious messages and/or proselytizing. Graduation ceremonies are frequently held in houses of worship, and at times they resemble religious rituals that include Bible verses and Christian prayers.

The ACLU issued a press release announcing the filing of the lawsuit. Shreveport Times reports on the lawsuit.

Louisiana Governor Exceeded Authority In Expanding Non-Discrimination Protections

In Louisiana Department of Justice v. Edwards, (LA App, Nov. 1, 2017), a Louisiana state appeals court held that Louisiana Governor John Edwards exceeded his authority when he issued an Executive Order that extended non-discrimination provisions for state contracts and state employment to include sexual orientation and gender identity.  the court said in part:

[T]he Governor's Executive Order constituted an unconstitutional interference with the authority vested solely in the legislative branch of our state government by expanding the protections that currently exist in anti-discrimination laws rather than directing the faithful execution of the existing anti-discrimination laws of this state.

The Times-Picayune reports on the decision.

Minister May Move Ahead With "As Applied" Challenge to Disturbing-The-Peace Ordinance

In Roy v City of Monroe, (WD LA, Oct. 19, 2017), a Louisiana federal district court allowed plaintiff Clarence Roy to move ahead with an "as applied" First Amendment challenge to Monroe, Louisiana's disturbing-the-peace ordinance.  Roy is a minister who regularly preaches near a bar whose patrons are predominately gays and lesbians.  Police issued a summons for disturbing the peace to Roy when a woman complained that Roy had called her names, told her she was going to hell, and that her father was "the devil."  The court said in part:

In essence, the validity of Roy’s First Amendment as-applied claim “hinges on probable cause for [his] [summons]—a fact question for the jury.” ....  Accordingly, this claim cannot be resolved on summary judgment.... If Sergeant Booth had probable cause to arrest Roy under §12:153, “there could be no First Amendment violation.”...  However, if a jury finds there was no probable cause for Roy’s arrest, his First Amendment claim may be considered as well.

The court however dismissed a facial challenge, as well as a due process challenge, to the same Ordinance.

Louisiana AG Opinion Says ABA Model Rule Barring Discrimination Is Unconstitutional

The Louisiana State Bar Association is considering adopting an amendment to its Rules of Professional Conduct that would define professional misconduct as including:

conduct in connection with the practice of law that the lawyer knows or reasonably should know involves discrimination prohibited by law because of race, color, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, marital status, or disability.  This rule does not prohibit legitimate advocacy when race, color, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, marital status, or disability are issues,nor does it limit the ability of a lawyer to accept, decline or withdraw from a representation in accordance with Rule 1.16.

This is a narrower version of ABA Model Rule 8.4(g) which the ABA House of Delegates adopted in 2016.  Last week, the Louisiana Attorney General's Office issued Attorney General's Opinion 17-0114 which concludes that the ABA version of the Model Rule is likely unconstitutional under the First and Fourteenth Amendments, and that while Louisiana's proposed version seeks to avoid many of the constitutional problems, it still suffers from some of the same vagueness and overbreadth issues as does the ABA rule.

In addition to finding that the ABA Model Rule is overbroad and vague, the Opinion also concluded that it violates associational and religious liberty protections, saying in part:

Lawyers participate in a wide variety of associations that engage in expressive conduct which could run afoul of ABA Model Rule 8.4(g), including faith-based legal organizations and activist organizations that promote a specific political or social platform....

ABA Model Rule 8.4(g) could also result in lawyers being punished for practicing their religion.  The United States Supreme Court specifically noted in Obergefell v. Hodges that "those who adhere to religious doctrines, may continue to advocate with utmost, sincere conviction that, by divine precepts, same-sex marriage should not be condoned."  However this type of advocacy appears to be prohibited by ABA Model Rule 8.4(g).... Under Rule 8.4(g), a lawyer who acts as a legal advisor on the board of their church would be engaging in professional misconduct if they participated in a march against same-sex marriage or taught a class at their religious institution against divorce....

AP reports on the Attorney General's Opinion.

Differential Marriage License Requirement For Foreign Born Held Unconstitutional

In Vo v. Gee, (ED LA, Aug. 8, 2017), a Louisiana federal district court granted a permanent injunction, holding unconstitutional a Louisiana statute that treats differently applicants for a marriage license who were born outside the United States from those born in the U.S. or one of its territories.  Under the law a birth certificate must be produced in order to obtain a marriage license, but those born in the U.S. may obtain a waiver of the requirement.  Those born elsewhere, such as the Vietnamese refugee who is plaintiff in the case, are not entitled to the same type of waiver and must also provide a passport or visa.  The court concluded that this violates the Equal Protection clause as well as the substantive due process right to marriage, even though a subsequent Louisiana law allows a judicial waiver of the birth certificate requirement.  Washington Post reports on the decision.

Court Invalidates Louisiana Executive Order Barring LGBT Discrimination

A Louisiana state trial court yesterday struck down as a violation of separation of powers Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards Executive Order No. JBE 2016-11 (April 13, 2016) (See prior posting). The executive order bars state agencies and offices from discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity, as well as on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, political affiliation, disability or age. In Louisiana Department of Justice v. Edwards, (LA Dist. Ct., Dec. 14, 2016), a challenge to the Democratic Governor's Executive Order brought by the state's Republican Attorney General was successful, the court stating in part:

Executive Order JBE-16-11 constitutes an unlawful ultra-vires act because, regardless of the defendant's intent, the effect of its adoption and implementation, creates new and/or expands upon existing Louisiana law as opposed to directing the faithful execution of existing laws of this state pursuant to the authority granted unto the office of the Governor to issue executive orders.

The New Orleans Times Picayune reports on the decision.

Louisiana Supreme Court Says No Mandatory Reporting of Abuse Discovered In Confessional

In Mayeux v. Charlet, (LA Sup. Ct., Oct. 28, 2016), the Louisiana Supreme Court held that under Louisiana statutes Catholic priests when administering sacramental confession are not "mandatory reporters" of child abuse. Therefore the provision in La. Child. Code art. 609 that eliminates a defense of privileged communications in some instances for mandatory reporters does not eliminate protections for priests.  The court concluded:

Because the provisions of La. Child. Code art. 609 speak only to “mandatory reporters,” a priest when administering the sacrament of confession has no duty to report any confidential communications made during the confession that, by the tenets of the Roman Catholic Church, he is authorized to hear and is also duty bound to keep confidential.

(See prior related posting.)

Muslim Prof Says Administrators Discriminated In Favor of Nigerian Christians

The New Orleans Times-Picayne reports that on Tuesday a Muslim biology professor at Southern University in New Orleans sued in federal district court claiming that administrators discriminated against him and other Muslim professors in order to get rid of them and hire Nigerian Christians, favored by the school's Chancellor Victor Ukpolo. Plaintiff Ibrahim Ekaidi contends that administrators encouraged non-Nigerian faculty to leave by denying them committee assignments, pay raises promotion and tenure.

Appeals Court Upholds Saturday Murder Trial Despite Defendant's Religious Objection

In State v. Victor, 2016 La. App. LEXIS 1030 (LA App., May 26, 2016), a Louisiana state appeals court held that defendant's free exercise rights were not violated when the court refused to adjourn his second degree murder trial on Saturday, which defendant claimed was his Sabbath.  Defendant was on trial for the murder of his 8-year old stepson who died after a severe beating that was allegedly administered as discipline for stealing ice cream. In upholding on compelling interest grounds the trial court's refusal to adjourn for Saturday, the appeals court said in part:

the record reflects that the trial judge carefully considered defendant's concerns as well as his delay in raising this issue, including his failure to object when the prospective jury was advised numerous times of the possibility that they would be required to work on Saturday, his lack of a specific religious affiliation or particular church membership, the unavailability of the State's key expert witness the following week, and "the justice system as a whole," in denying defendant's request not to hold trial on Saturday.

Louisiana Governor Rescinds Earlier Executive Order Protecting Discrimination Against Gay Couples

Last week, Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards signed Executive Order No. JBE 2016-11 (April 13, 2016) (full text) barring state agencies and offices from discriminating on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, political affiliation, disability or age.  The executive order also requires that all state contracts include a similar provision barring the contractor from discriminating. However, this does not apply to contracts with religious organizations or religious educational institutions.  The order rescinds an executive order issued last year by then-governor Bobby Jindal prohibiting the denial of benefits or government contracts to anyone who acts in accordance with a religious belief that marriage should be only between one man and one woman. (See prior posting.) [Thanks to Blog from the Capital for the lead.]

Supreme Court Preserves Abortion Status Quo In Louisiana While It Considers Similar Case

Th U.S. Supreme Court today issued an order preserving the status quo in Louisiana while the Court considers Whole Woman's Health, the abortion case from Texas that was argued this week. (See prior posting.) The 5th Circuit had stayed a district court's preliminary injunction against enforcement of a Louisiana law requiring abortion providers to have admitting privileges at a local hospital. The 5th Circuit's stay had the effect of allowing Louisiana's contested law to go into effect. Today in June Medical Services LLC v. Gee the U.S. Supreme Court issued the following order:

Consistent with the Court’s action granting a stay in Whole Woman’s Health v. Cole, No. 14A1288 (June 29, 2015), the application to vacate the stay entered by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit on February 24, 2016, presented to Justice Thomas and by him referred to the Court, is granted and the Fifth Circuit’s stay of the district court’s injunction is vacated.

Justice Thomas would deny the application.

This order was in response to June Medical's Emergency Application to Vacate Stay of Preliminary Injunction Pending Appeal (full text).

State Exception To Priest-Penitent Privilege Violates Louisiana Religious Freedom Act

The Baton Rouge Advocate reports on a Louisiana state trial court decision handed down on Friday that upholds, on religious freedom grounds, a priest's right to refuse to disclose confidential information regarding sexual abuse of minors received during confession. The court invalidated a provision in LA Children's Code Sec. 609(A)(1) which requires clergy to report abuse or neglect that threatens a child's physical or mental health or welfare, notwithstanding any privilege.  Apparently relying on Louisiana's Preservation of Religious Freedom Act, the court held that while the state has a compelling interest in protecting children from abuse, this is not the least restrictive means of furthering that interest. The decision by Judge Mike Caldwell comes in a suit by Rebecca Mayeaux, now 22, who says that in 2008 she told Rev. Jeff Bayhi during confession that she was being abused by a 64-year old parishioner. Under the ruling, Mayeaux will be able to testify about what she told Bayhi, but her attorneys will not be permitted to argue to the jury that Bayhi was required to report her allegations to authorities.  The ruling is subject to immediate appeal to the Louisiana Supreme Court.  The lawsuit, originally filed in 2009, has already been up to the state Supreme Court once. (See prior posting.)