Federal District Court Rejects Satanic Temple Follower's Challenge to Missouri Abortion Restrictions

In Doe v. Parson, (ED MO, Feb. 21, 2019), a Missouri federal district court rejected both Establishment Clause and free exercise challenges to Missouri's abortion law.  The suit, filed by a member of the Satanic Temple, challenges the requirement that health care providers furnish women seeking an abortion in Missouri a state-prepared booklet that states, in part, that life begins at conception.  The woman must also be given an opportunity to view an active ultrasound, must sign a certification that she has received the booklet and ultrasound opportunity, and must wait 72 hours before the procedure can be performed.  The court held that

Even though [statements in the booklet] are harmonious with some religious beliefs, they are a permissible expression of the State’s secular interest in protecting the unborn.

The court went on to reject plaintiff's free exercise claim, holding that the Missouri requirements are neutral laws of general applicability.  Earlier this month, the Missouri Supreme Court rejected a similar challenge to Missouri's requirements. (See prior posting.)

Recent Prisoner Free Exercise Cases

In Warner v. Friedman, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19465 (ND CA, Feb. 6, 2019), a California federal district court allowed an inmate to move ahead with his claim that he is still not being provided an acceptable kosher diet.

In Quintero v. Bisbee, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19760 (D NV, Feb. 7, 2019), a Nevada federal district court rejected a magistrate's recommendation (2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 221068, Oct. 10, 2018) and allowed an inmate to move ahead with his challenge to regulations that exclude'religious activities' from being rewarded by time off sentence.

In Rivers v. Dumont, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 20144 (MD PA, Feb. 6, 2019), a Pennsylvania federal magistrate judge recommended dismissing plaintiff's claim that his free exercise rights were infringed when police, before his arrest, accosted him on the sidewalk outside his apartment while he was speaking to Allah.

In Noor v. Pigniolo, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 20318 (ED CA, Feb. 7, 2019), a California federal magistrate judge dismissed with leave to amend an inmate's claim that his free exercise rights were infringed when the prison's library assistant racially profiled him by calling him a terrorist.

In Luther v. White, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 20486 (WD KY, Feb. 6, 2019), a Kentucky federal district court allowed a Bobo Shanti Rastafarian inmate to move ahead with some claims regarding removal of his dreadlocks and right to purchase and use incense.  Various other claims were dismissed.

In Blake v. Donovan, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 20937 (WD WI, Feb. 7, 2019), a Wisconsin federal district court dismissed on exhaustion grounds an inmate's complaint regarding access to a new type of Pagan prayer oil. It also deniedhis motion to be considered as an expert in Pagan and Asatru theology.

In Toney v. Harrod, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 21580 (D KA, Feb. 11, 2019), a Kansas federal district court denied qualified immunity to defendant correctional officer being sued by a Muslim inmate who complained that he should have received breakfast during Ramadan before dawn, and not merely before sunrise which is later.

Tax Preparer Refuses To Prepare Joint Return For Same-Sex Couple

Washington Post reports on the latest clash between religious liberty assertions and non-discrimination principles:

For four years, Bailey Brazzel says, she had employed the same tax preparer, Nancy Fivecoate of Carter Tax Service in Russiaville, Ind. Fivecoate prepared the taxes without issue each time — until this year, when Brazzel brought her new wife, Samantha.

Fivecoate declined to serve the couple, citing her religious beliefs.

This was the first year the Brazzels, who wed in July, were filing jointly as a married couple. According to Samantha, Fivecoate explained that she believed marriage was between a man and a woman and that she would therefore not be able to prepare their taxes.

Indiana does not have a statewide law barring discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. (See prior related posting.) [Thanks to Nathan Walker for the lead.]

Air Force JAG OK's Religious References At Change of Command Ceremonies

In a legal opinion issued last December which is just now attracting attention, the U.S. Air Force Judge Advocate General has issued an opinion on the permissible extent of religious references during a change of command ceremony.  In OpJAGAF 2018-52 (Dec.19, 2018), the Air Force ruled:

[A] commander may:  briefly thank a Supreme Being (either generally, such as Providence, that Almighty Being, our Lord, or the Supreme Author of All Good; or specifically, such as Allah, Brahman, Christ, Ganesh, God, Yahweh, or even Beelzebub), have an invocation, and choose whomever he or she would like to provide the invocation. If the commander holds a personal promotion ceremony on the same day, a significant break must occur between the change of command and promotion ceremony in order for the commander to be freer in expressing his or her personal religious beliefs.  If a break does not occur, the commander must limit his or her religious comments to comments that are appropriate at the official change of command.

Friendly Atheist and Rewire News  report on the ruling.  The Military Religious Freedom Foundation plans to challenge the ruling.

Class Action Filed Hours After New York's Child Victims Act Is Signed

Just hours after New York's new Child Victims Act extending the statute of limitations for sex abuse claims was signed into law (see prior related posting), a class action lawsuit was filed in federal district court for the Northern District of New York. Rome (NY) Sentinel reports in part:

The Rev. Paul F. Angelicchio, of Rome, has been named in a lawsuit accusing him of sexually abusing a teenage altar boy when the priest worked at a church in Onondaga County in the late 1980s.

... Angelicchio was placed on a leave of absence by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Syracuse in late 2016 to investigate the claims. Church officials deemed the accusations not credible at the time and Angelicchio soon returned to service.

The lawsuit, filed on Feb. 14, also accuses two Syracuse-area priests who were named by the Diocese in December as having “credible” accusations of sexual abuse made against them. Those priests, Charles Eckermann and James F. Quinn, are both deceased.

Angelicchio was not among the priests listed by the Diocese in December.

D.C.Circuit: Conspiracy Suit Against U.S. Supporters of Israeli Settlers Is Not "Political Question"

In an important decision, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has held that a suit against high profile Americans by 18 Palestinians and a Palestinian village council over defendants' support for the Jewish settler movement in the West Bank and Gaza may move forward. In Al-Timimi v. Adelson, (DC Cir., Feb. 19, 2019), the court summarized its holding:

The plaintiffs, both Palestinian nationals and Palestinian Americans, claim the defendants, pro-Israeli American individuals and entities, are conspiring to expel all non-Jews from territory whose sovereignty is in dispute. They sued in federal district court, pressing four claims: (1) civil conspiracy, (2) genocide and other war crimes, (3) aiding and abetting genocide and other war crimes and (4) trespass. Concluding that all four claims raise nonjusticiable political questions, the district court dismissed the complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. We now reverse....

The suit claims that defendants-- 8 high net-worth individuals (including Sheldon Adelson and John Hagee), 13 tax exempt organizations (including the Jewish Naional Fund), 2 banks, 8 construction and support firms and former U.S. National Security Advisor Elliott Abrams conspired to funnel millions of dollars to Israeli settlements which funded "a militia of Israeli settlers [trained] to kill Palestinians and confiscate their property."

In a 21-page opinion, the court concluded:

[T]he plaintiffs’ claims present only one jurisdiction-stripping political question: who has sovereignty over the disputed territory. But a claim whose resolution also includes resolution of a political question can be dismissed on that basis only if the political question is “inextricable.” ... We believe this political question is extricable."

Reuters reports on the decision.

Baptist College's Attempt To Exit Baptist Convention Control Involves Ecclesiastical Determinations

In Executive Board of the Missouri Baptist Convention v. Missouri Baptist University, (MO App., Feb. 19, 2019), a Missouri state appellate court rejected attempts by Missouri Baptist University and The Baptist Home to amend their Articles of Incorporation to eliminate the Missouri Baptist Convention's right to select members of their boards of trustees and its right to veto amendments to their Articles.  The attempts to extricate themselves from Convention control followed an ideological battle within the Convention that moved it to the right.  In part the court held that certain affirmative defenses raised by the University concern ecclesiastical matters which civil courts cannot decide, saying:

[T]he University alleges that the Convention demanded that it ... refrain from teaching material that contradicted certain ideas which are clearly religious doctrine, such as the belief that the Earth was created in seven days roughly 6,000 years ago, or the belief that every living thing on Earth is descended from animals rescued from a flood on a vessel roughly 4,300 years ago.... The University claims that these demands ... “anticipatorily breached” provisions of a document entitled “A Christian Higher Education: A Statement of Purpose” which states ... that “... Christian education proceeds without fear into whatever knowledge may come.” ... Considering this defense as it currently is presented requires a court to rule – at least implicitly - on the truth of the story of Noah’s ark or Christian beliefs in creationism. We cannot conceive of a judicial inquiry which would impose on ecclesiastical matters more than this, nor can we find fault in the circuit court’s unwillingness to even attempt to find neutral grounds upon which it could rule when the color and content of the University’s allegations are so nakedly religious.

Recent Prisoner Free Exercise Cases

In Ali v. Duboise, (10th Cir., Feb. 6, 2019), the 10th Circuit affirmed the dismissal on qualified immunity grounds of a Muslim inmate's complaint that he was told to pray outside his cell but his request for a more specific location was met with threats, expletives, a push and temporary lock down.

In Saleem v. Bonds, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16081 (D NJ, Jan.. 29, 2019), a New Jersey federal district court allowed an inmate to proceed with his complaint that the Muslim prison chaplain denied him access to Jumu'ah prayer services because photos depicting homosexuals had been sent to plaintiff.

In Hall v. Tapp, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16506 (WD NC, Feb. 1, 2019), a North Carolina federal district court dismissed an inmate's complaint that a correctional officer took two bottles of oil and a kufi from his cell.

In Morales v. New Hampshire Attorney General, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17125 (D NH, Feb. 1, 2019), a New Hampshire federal district court adopted a magistrate's recommendation (2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17431, Jan. 3, 2019) and dismissed on qualified immunity grounds a Catholic inmate's free exercise objection to a strip search.

In Glenn v. Johnson, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17515 (D NJ, Feb. 1, 2019), a New Jersey federal district court dismissed a Muslim inmate's complaint that he was not served Halal meat rather than a vegetarian diet.

In Vaughn v. Wegman, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17639 (ED CA, Feb. 1, 2019), a California federal magistrate judge recommended dismissal of an inmate's complaint that the Community Resource Manager denied him participation in the Jewish kosher meal program and Jewish religious services.

In Depaola v. Clarke, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18629 (WD VA, Feb. 5, 2019), a Virginia federal magistrate judge recommended finding that manner in which the one-quarter inch beard grooming policy was enforced against a Muslim inmate did not substantially burden his free exercise rights.

Pagan Temple Can Move Ahead With Its RLUIPA Claim

In Yetto v.City of Jackson, (WD TN, Feb. 5, 2019), the founders of a Pagan Temple in Jackson, Tennessee sought a declaratory judgment that the city's zoning ordinance does not apply to the type of religious gatherings held by them at their home.  They also sought an injunction against enforcement of the zoning ordinance against them.  A Tennessee federal district court dismissed their Section 1983 Free Exercise claim on statute of limitations grounds. However the court refused to dismiss their RLUIPA "equal terms" claim as well as their claim that their gatherings do not fall under the term "churches or similar places of worship" as used in the city's zoning ordinance.

Supreme Court Review Denied In Nuns' Pipeline Challenge

The U.S. Supreme Court today denied certiorari in Adorers of the Blood of Christ v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, (Docket No. 18-548, certiorari denied 2/192019) (Order List).  In the case, the U.S. 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals dismissed on procedural grounds a Religious Freedom Restoration Act challenge to FERC's approval of a pipeline project. The natural gas pipeline at issue runs through land owned by an order of Catholic nuns whose religious beliefs require them to preserve the earth. Developers were authorized to acquire land for the pipeline by eminent domain. (See prior posting.)

Cert. Denied In Attempt To Subpoena Bishops' Documents

The U.S. Supreme Court today denied review in Whole Woman's Health v. Texas Catholic Conference of Bishops, (Docket No. 18-622, certiorari denied 2/19/2019) (Order List).  In the case, the U.S. 5th Circuit Court of Appeals, in a 2-1 decision, held that a Texas federal district court should have quashed a document discovery order in a case in which several health care providers challenged the state's fetal remains regulations. (See prior posting). While discussing the Bishops' constitutional claim that internal deliberations of religious organizations should be protected, the 5th Circuit ultimately relied on  Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 45(d) which calls for quashing a subpoena when it imposes an undue burden. Becket issued a press release discussing the Supreme Court's denial of certiorari.

Rastafarian Minister's Trespass Arrest did Not Violate His Free Exercise Rights

In Brown v. Jordan, (WD AR, Feb. 14, 2019), a Rastafarian minister sued over his arrest that grew out of his picketing for passage of a medical marijuana issue on the 2016 Arkansas ballot. The court rejected his claim that his arrest violated his free exercise rights, saying in part:

In this case, Plaintiff was advocating for the passage of the Medical Marijuana Act. While the Act's passage would, in his view, pave the way for his church to lawfully use marijuana in its ceremonies, his advocacy did not itself involve his exercise of a religious belief. Furthermore, the officers who arrested him appeared at the Flash Market in response to a claim that Plaintiff was trespassing, as he had remained on the Flash Market property after having been asked to leave and was bothering the customers. No action the officers took on October 16, 2016 inhibited Plaintiff from practicing or exercising his religious beliefs. Therefore, no free exercise claim is stated, and this claim is dismissed.

Recent Prisoner Free Exercise Cases

In Timmons v. Polley, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14533 (D NV, Jan. 29, 2019), a Nevada federal district court allowed a Muslim inmate to move ahead with complaints regarding inadequate Halal food during Ramadan, and refusal of permission to attend Jumah services and receive certain religious material.

In McKinney v. County of Imperial, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14927 (CD CA, Jan. 30, 2019), a California federal district court adopted a magistrate's recommendation (2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14927, Jan. 3, 2019) and dismissed, with leave to amend, a Jewish inmate's claim for damages for denial of kosher meals.

In Sassi v. Dutchess County, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15387 (ND NY, Jan. 23, 2019), a New York federal district court allowed a Catholic inmate to move ahead with his complaint that he was denied a Bible for several days, but dismissed his complaint regarding inability to attend Bible study groups.

In Hardy v. Agee, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15093 (WD MI, Jan. 31, 2019), a Michigan federal district court, in a case on remand from the 6th Circuit, adopted a magistrate's recommendation (2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 220438, Dec. 11, 2018) and dismissed a Muslim inmate's complaint that he was not allowed for a period of time to attend religious services, and was not allowed to attend Taleem (study sessions) while on room restriction for refusing a work assignment.

In Dykes v. Benson, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15990 (WD MI, Feb. 1, 2019), a Michigan federal district court allowed an inmate to move ahead with his complaint that he could not access his Koran for the first two weeks in segregation.

Recent Articles of Interest

From SSRN:

• Michael S. McGinniss, Expressing Conscience with Candor: Saint Thomas More and First Freedoms in the Legal Profession, (Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, Forthcoming).
• Robert C. Blitt, The Organization of Islamic Cooperation's (OIC) Response to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Rights: A Challenge to Equality and Nondiscrimination Under International Law, (28.1 Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems 89 (2019)).
• Nathan S. Chapman, Money for Missionaries: Rethinking Establishment Clause History, (University of Georgia School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2019-10 (2019).
• Dr. Krishnan Mani, Religious Militant Extremism in Pakistan: Security Threat to South Asian Region and Challenges, (February 11, 2019).
• Shahbaz Ahmad Cheema, Islamization of Restitution of Conjugal Rights by Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan: A Critique, (February 5, 2019).

From SmartCILP and elsewhere:

• Mark Fathi Massoud, How an Islamic State Rejected Islamic Law, 66 American Journal of Comparative Law 579-602 (2018).
• Ferdaouis Bagga, Central Nigeria: Overcoming Dangerous Speech and Endemic Religious Divides, (U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, Feb. 2019).

Former Cardinal McCarrick Defrocked By Vatican Over Sex Abuse

In the Vatican yesterday, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith issued a statement (full text) announcing that former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick has been "dismiss[ed] from the clerical state," i.e. defrocked.  McCarrick had already resigned from the College of Cardinals over allegations of past sexual misconduct. In laicizing McCarrick, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith found him guilty of "solicitation in the Sacrament of Confession, and sins against the Sixth Commandment with minors and with adults, with the aggravating factor of the abuse of power." Vatican News reported on the action against McCarrick.  An analysis of the news Crux says in part:

The four dioceses in the U.S. in which McCarrick served over the course of his long career - New York; Metuchen, New Jersey; Newark; and Washington, D.C., are all conducting separate investigations, a result of the fact that a request by the leadership of the U.S. bishops’ conference for a Vatican-sponsored apostolic investigation was turned down by Francis.

Suit Challenges Religious Requirements Permitted In South Carolina Faith-Based Foster-Care Agencies

A lawsuit was filed Friday by Americans United for Separation of Church and State on behalf of a Catholic woman challenging actions by the federal government and the state of South Carolina that permit foster-care placement agencies to use religious criteria for approval of foster care families.  The complaint (full text) in Maddonna v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, (D SC, filed 2/15/2019) challenges the waiver from the religious discrimination ban in federally funded foster-care programs that the Department of Health and Human Services granted to the state of South Carolina last month. (See prior posting.) It also challenges a March 13, 2018 executive order by the Governor of South Carolina (Executive Order 2018-12) permitting licensed faith-based foster-care child-placement agencies to limit recruitment and training of foster parents to those who share the same faith as the agency. Plaintiff in the case, Aimee Maddonna, was refused participation in a foster care volunteer program by Miracle Hill Ministries because Miracle Hill required participants to be born-again Christians who belong to a Protestant church. The suit alleges Establishment Clause, equal protection and due process violations. AP reports on the lawsuit.

Death Qualification of Jurors Does Not Violate RFRA

In United States v. Ofomata, (ED LA, Feb. 11, 2019), a Louisiana federal district court rejected a number of challenges to the federal death penalty, including the argument that the death-qualification process violates the Religious Freedom Restoration Act and the First Amendment by necessarily excluding jurors based on their religion. The court said in part:

Even assuming that Ofomata was able to show that the death-qualification process constitutes a substantial burden, his RFRA claim fails because “[t]he question [of] whether a juror is able to follow the law and apply the facts in an impartial way . . . is a compelling government interest.”

2nd Circuit Denies En Banc Review In RFRA Damages Case

In Tanvir v. Tanzin, the U.S. 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals by a vote of 7-3 denied en banc review of a panel decision that held RFRA plaintiffs could recover money damages against federal officials sued in their individual capacities. (See prior posting.) Plaintiffs in the lawsuit are three Muslim men who claim that federal officials placed or kept them on the no-fly list because they refused for religious reasons to act as FBI informants.  In denying en banc review, Chief Judge Katzmann and Judge Pooler filed an opinion explaining their reasons for doing so.  Judge Jacobs, joined by Judges Cabranes and Sullivan filed an opinion dissenting from the denial of review.

Court Refuses To Enjoin Florida Cities' Conversion Therapy Bans

In Otto v. City of Boca Raton, Florida, (SD FL, Feb. 13, 2019), a Florida federal district court refused to grant a preliminary injunction to prevent the cities of Boca Raton and Palm Beach, Florida from enforcing their ordinances that prohibit the use by medical professionals of sexual orientation change therapy on minors.  In a 60-page opinion, the court held that plaintiffs are unlikely to succeed on their free speech, prior restraint, vagueness or ultra vires claims.

New Jersey Dioceses Release Names of Accused Priests

North Jersey Record reports that the five Catholic dioceses in New Jersey yesterday posted the names of 188 priests who have been credibly accused of sexually abusing children over past decades.79 of the priests listed are still living. In a letter to the faithful of the Archdiocese of Newark, Cardinal James Tobin announced that a new Independent Victim Compensation Program has been established.