Religion Clause

Wednesday, October 15, 2014

$1.9M Settlement In Suit Over Parole Revocation For Refusal To Attend Religious 12-Step Program

The Redding Record Searchlight reported yesterday that a settlement has been reached in Hazle v. Crowfoot, a suit in which the 9th Circuit held that plaintiff, an atheist whose parole on drug possession charges was revoked after he refused to participate in a faith-based drug treatment program, is entitled to compensatory damages. (See prior posting.) Hazle served over 100 additional days in prison. Under the settlement agreement, the state of California will pay Hazle $1 million and Westcare California, Inc., the contractor that offered only a faith-based 12-step program for parolees, will pay him $925,000.

"Birther" Sues Obama Claiming Ebola Rules Aid Muslim Terrorism

A rather bizarre lawsuit was filed yesterday in federal district court in the District of Columbia charging President Obama and various federal health officials with acting recklessly in attempting to restrain the Ebola epidemic in order to aid Muslim terrorism and discriminate against Christian and Jewish Caucasian Americans. The suit was brought by Larry Klayman, an activist who has filed hundreds of lawsuits and who has been prominent in the anti-Obama "birther" movement. The complaint (full text) in Klayman v. Obama, (D DC, filed 10/14/2014), alleges seven causes of action ranging from providing material support for terrorists to civil rights claims and conspiracy to commit murder. It alleges that the CDC, at the direction of President Obam, is intentionally lying to the American public about the possibility of airborne transmission of Ebola. The following excerpt gives a flavor of the allegations in the wide-ranging complaint:

Defendants actions in exposing Plaintiff to the Ebola virus as well as other Americans is the direct result of discrimination against Plaintiff on the basis of his Caucasian race and Jewish-Christian religion and in favor of people of the African-Black race and the Islamic religion.... Defendant Obama ... values an African-Black and Muslim life more than he does the lives of persons from the Caucasion or other races and religions, and this is reflected in his and the other Defendants’ actions with regard to allowing past and continued entry of persons from Ebola stricken Liberia and the rest of West Africa into the United States, despite the likelihood of an epidemic occurring.

Washington Post reports on the lawsuit.

Tuesday, October 14, 2014

Supreme Court Temporarily Stays Texas Abortion Clinic Restrictions

The U.S. Supreme Court this evening issued an Order (full text) in Whole Women's Health v. Lakey preventing portions of Texas' new regulation of abortion clinics from taking effect while a challenge to them is pending in the 5th Circuit. The 5th Circuit (full text of decision) had stayed the district court's injunction against enforcement of certain of the law's provision. As reported by SCOTUSblog, under the Supreme Court's ruling:

The state may not now enforce a requirement that all clinics in the state upgrade their facilities to be hospital-like surgical centers, even when they perform abortions only through the use of drugs, not surgery. And it may not enforce, against the clinics in McAllen and El Paso, a requirement that all doctors performing abortions have privileges to admit patients to a hospital within thirty miles of the clinic. That requirement can continue to be enforced elsewhere in Texas, the Court indicated.

Those two provisions, together, had reduced the number of clinics still operating in the state to seven, with an eighth soon to open. At one time recently, Texas had forty-one clinics. The Supreme Court’s action Tuesday will allow the reopening of thirteen closed clinics on Wednesday, lawyers for the clinics said.

Justices Scalia, Thomas and Alito dissented.

Sukkah At High School Rejected After Other Jewish Students Raise Church-State Complaints

The Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel reported Sunday on a new permutation in the battle over religious symbols in public schools. Last year, Jewish students at Glendale's Nicolet High School put up a temporary sukkah in the school's courtyard to mark the Jewish fall harvest festival of Sukkot. This year the activity was moved to a private home nearby after other Jewish students, through the Milwaukee Jewish Community Relations Council, complained that the sukkah on school grounds would violate principles of church-state separation.

9th Circuit Says Same-Sex Marriages Can Go Ahead In Idaho

In what could be the final procedural step in the challenge to Idaho's ban on same-sex marriage, the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals yesterday issued an order dissolving its prior stay of its decision invalidating the Idaho ban. According to KVPI News, the court's order provides that the lifting of the stay is effective at 10 a.m. tomorrow, at which time same-sex marriages will be legal in the state.

North Carolina Supreme Court Allows Direct Appeal of School Voucher Program

The Winston-Salem Journal reports that on Friday the North Carolina Supreme Court decided to allow a direct appeal of a trial court decision striking down the state's school voucher program. In August, trial court judge Robert Hobgood held that the state's Opportunity Scholarship Program violates various provisions of the state constitution relating to school funding and permits funds to go to private schools that discriminate on the basis of religion. (See prior posting.) Friday's ruling allows the parties to skip the usual appeal to an intermediate appellate court. The North Carolina court of appeals has already allowed the voucher program to continue to partially operate while appeals are pending. (See prior posting.)

Minnesota Archdiocese Enters Historic Settlement In Clergy Abuse Case

As reported by AP, yesterday a settlement considered as historic by both sides was reached in a clergy sex abuse case, Doe 1 v. Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis. As part of the settlement, the Archdiocese adopted 17 Child Protection Protocols. The Diocese of Winona adopted similar Protocols. In a Statement announcing the agreement, Archbishop John Nienstedt emphasized:

The agreement embodies a strengthened spirit of collaboration in addressing the issues related to clerical sexual abuse.

In a separate Statement, defense attorney Jeff Anderson, said:

This child protection protocol, invested in by Doe 1, survivors and the Archdiocese, signals a new day and a new way for protection of children, healing of survivors, and full transparency and disclosure in a new way we’ve never seen.

Monday, October 13, 2014

Notre Dame Asks For Supreme Court GVR In Contraceptive Coverage Challenge

On Oct. 3, a petition for certiorari was filed with the U.S. Supreme Court in University of Notre Dame v. Burwell, (Docket No. 14-392). In the case, the U.S. 7th Circuit Court of Appeals denied a preliminary injunction to Notre Dame in its challenge to the Affordable Care Act contraceptive coverage mandate as applied to religious non-profits. (See prior posting.) As reported by MSNBC, the petition does not seek full Supreme Court review, but instead asks the Court to grant certiorari, vacate the 7th Circuit's decision and remand for reconsideration ("GVR") in light of the Supreme Court's Hobby Lobby decision. In the petition, Notre Dame argued:

Just as a Mormon might refuse to hire a caterer that insisted on serving alcohol to his wedding guests, or a Jew might refuse to hire a caterer determined to serve pork at his son’s bar mitzvah, it violates Notre Dame’s religious beliefs to hire or maintain a relationship with any third party that will provide contraceptive coverage to its plan beneficiaries,

Churches File Complaint With HHS Over California Abortion Coverage Requirement

Following up on a similar complaint filed last month on behalf employees of Loyola Marymount University (see prior posting), two advocacy groups filed a complaint (full text) last week with the Department of Health and Human Services on behalf of seven churches and a church-run school objecting to recent California actions requiring all group health plans to cover elective abortions. The complaint contends that the churches' health plans were changed without their consent to comply with the California Department of Managed Health Care's directive interpreting the scope of "basic health care services." The churches argue that the California requirement violates the federal Hyde-Weldon Conscience Protection Amendment (Sec. 507 of the 2014 Consolidated Appropriations Act) that prohibits states from discriminating against a health care entity because it does not provide abortion coverage. They say that denying approval of their plans that do not cover abortions amounts to illegal discrimination. Alliance Defending Freedom issued a press release announcing the filing of the Oct. 9 complaint.

Same-Sex Marriage Developments In Kansas, West Virginia, Alaska

Developments relating to same-sex marriages have been moving rapidly in Kansas. Last Wednesday, Chief Judge Kevin Moriarty of the state's 10th judicial district (Johnson County) issued Administrative Order No. 14-11 (Oct. 8, 2014), instructing the clerk of the court, as well as all deputy clerks, to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. However, on Friday (Oct. 10) Kansas Attorney General Derek Schmidt filed a petition (full text) for issuance of a writ of mandamus to stop the Johnson County order from taking effect, and asking the Kansas Supreme Court to decide the issue. (Press release; Memorandum in Support of Petition). Before the state Supreme Court could act, one same-sex couple in Johnson County were married. (Kansas Equality Coalition statement.) However a few hours later, in State of Kansas v. Moriarty, (KA Sup. Ct., Oct. 10, 2014), the state Supreme Court issued a stay of Judge Moriary's order "in the interest of establishing statewide consistency." It set oral arguments for Nov. 6, but said that applications for same-sex marriage licenses may continue to be accepted. As pointed out by KCTV 5 News, the November hearing date is two days after the general election.

Meanwhile in West Virginia, on Thursday (Oct. 9) state Attorney General Patrick Morrisey issued a statement (full text) saying in part:

In the upcoming days, we will now seek to bring to a close the pending litigation over West Virginia’s marriage laws, consistent with the Fourth Circuit’s now-binding decision.... [However] only the State Registrar may alter state marriage forms, and the Secretary of State’s Office has authority over marriage celebrants and their ability to solemnize marriages. While we will take steps to seek to end the litigation, the conclusion of the lawsuit cannot and will not alone effectuate the Fourth Circuit’s mandate.

AP reports that after the Attorney General's statement, State Registrar Gary Thompson sent a letter to clerks in all 55 West Virginia counties setting out new protocols for marriage licenses allowing for same-sex marriages. At least one couple was issued a license on Friday.

And in Alaska yesterday, a federal court declared its ban on same-sex marriages to be in violation of the 14th Amendment's due process and equal protection clauses. As reported by Think Progress, the decision in Hamby v. Parnell, (D AK, Oct. 12, 2014), came just two days after the court heard oral arguments in the case. However, according to KTUU News, Alaska Governor Sean Parnell issued a statement Sunday saying that he would appeal the decision.

Sunday, October 12, 2014

Withdrawal of Land From Uranium Mining Survives Establishment Clause Challenge

In Yount v. Salazar, (D AZ, Sept. 30, 2014), an Arizona federal district court held that the Secretary of Interior's withdrawal of more than 1 million acres of federal land surrounding Grand Canyon National Park from uuanium mining did not violate the Establishment Clause. While one of the government's purposes was "to protect against the impact of uranium mining on cultural and tribal resources," this was a proper secular purpose.

1999 E-Mail Urged Clinton To Invoke Talmudic Law As Lewinsky Defense

The New York Post reported yesterday that among the final 10,000 documents released by the Clinton presidential library on Friday was a 1999 e-mail-- that eventually found its way to White House adviser Sidney Blumenthal-- urging Clinton to rely on the Jewish law definition of adultery in defending against charges growing out of his relationship with Monica Lewinsky. The e-mail that originated with a Long Island woman, who sent on an analysis of Talmudic law developed by Dartmouth Jewish Studies professor Susannah Heschel, read in part:

According to classical Jewish law, President Clinton did not commit adultery; adultery is defined as a married man having intercourse with a married woman, and Monica Lewinsky is single,

Recent Prisoner Free Exercise Cases

In Elizondo v. Livingston, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 141413 (ND T, Oct. 3, 2014), a Texas federal district court dismissed an inmate's complaint that for safety purposes he needed to be single celled or celled with someone of his same Jewish faith.

In Storm v. Reinke, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 141472 (D ID, Sept. 29, 2014). an Idaho federal district court dismissed an inmate's claim in a habeas corpus proceeding that, while on parole, his free exercise rights were curtailed when he was placed on sex offender caseload. The court concluded that the claim does not bear on petitioner's custody.

In Strickland v. Godinez, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 141863 (SD IL, Oct. 6, 2014), an Illinois federal district court permitted an inmate to proceed with his free exercise and RLUIPA claims that he is being denied Asatru group worship as well as individual Asatru ritual practices.

Enforcement of Israeli Child Support Order Does Not Violate Establishment Clause

In Jenkins v. Jenkins, (OH App., Oct. 3, 2014), an Ohio Court of Appeals rejected Establishment Clause and equal protection challenges to enforcement of a child support order issued by an Israeli court. While the Israeli civil family court cited Jewish law tradition that makes the father responsible for his daughter's essential support, it went beyond that and applied other considerations as well is setting support.

Collateral Estoppel Bars Title VII Religious Accommodation, But Not Retaliation, Claim

In Mathis v. Christian Heating & Air Conditioning, Inc., (ED PA, Oct. 7, 2014), plaintiff Paul Mathis, an atheist, was fired from his position as a sheet metal installer when he insisted on covering with tape his employer company's mission statement printed on the back of his identification badge. The statement read in part: "This company is not only a business, it is a ministry. It is set on standards that are higher than man’s own. Our goal is to run this company in a way most pleasing to the lord...." Mathis claimed that the mission statement was an attempt by the company to force its religious ideology on its employees.

In this Title VII action, a Pennsylvania federal district court held that Mathis was barred by collateral estoppel from proceeding with his Title VII claim of failure to accommodate his religious beliefs. In a prior state court worker's compensaton proceeding, the court held that Mathis had not shown any actual conflict between a sincere religious belief and the employer's requirement, nor had he requested an accommodation. Thefederal district court went on to hold, however, that Mathis was not barred by collateral estoppel from moving ahead with his claim under Title VII for unlawful retaliation against him for opposing what he saw to be religious discrimination.

Saturday, October 11, 2014

Muslim Waiter Alleges Religious Harassment

The New York Daily News reported Thursday on a lawsuit filed in a New York federal district court against the famous Peter Luger Steak House in Great Neck, Long Island by a Muslim waiter asserting a variety of grievances, including one of religious harassment. The Bangladeshi-born employee, Altaf Chowdhury, alleged, among other things, that two managers tricked him into eating a pork hot dog, telling him it was chicken. Chowdhury says that after he discovered the true facts, he vomited ten times. The steak house says the claims lack merit.

Marriage Equality Proponents Win Victories In Nevada, Idaho, North Carolina

As previously reported, on Wednesday U.S. Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy issued an order temporarily staying the 9th Circuit's mandate invalidating same-sex marriage bans in Idaho and Nevada, even though only Idaho officials applied for the stay. Later the same day, Justice Kennedy issued a second order (full text) vacating the portion of his order staying the 9th Circuit's decision as to Nevada, presumably allowing same-sex marriages to begin immediately there.Then yesterday, the full Court issued an order as to the Idaho case (full text) reading:

The application for stay presented to Justice Kennedy and by him referred to the Court is denied. The orders heretofore entered by Justice Kennedy are vacated.

The 9th Circuit's decision affirmed the Idaho federal district court's decision invalidating Idaho's same-sex marriage ban. However, because the 9th Circuit recalled its mandate ordering its affirmance effective immediately once the petition for a stay was filed with the Supreme Court, the parties are concerned that the decision by itself did not serve to dissolve the stay pending appeal of the district court's decision entered by the 9th Circuit in May. So yesterday the plaintiffs filed a motion (full text) to dissolve that stay, and (as reported by SCOTUblog) the 9th Circuit has called for a response by noon Monday, and a reply to that by 5:00 p.m. Monday. [Corrected chronology.]

Meanwhile, in General Synod of the United Church of Christ v. Resinger, (D NC, Oct. 10, 2014), a North Carolina federal district court on its own motion in a case challenging North Carolina's same-sex marriage ban held that the ban is unconstitutional as a matter of law. In a brief opinion and order, the court pointed to the 4th Circuit's decision in Bostic v. Schaefer striking down Virginia's ban on same-sex marriage. (See prior posting.) The Charlotte Observer reports on the decision.

Wednesday, October 08, 2014

9th Circuit's Invalidation of Idaho and Nevada Same-Sex Marriage Bans Temporarily Stayed By Justice Kennedy

U.S. Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy today temporarily stayed the 9th Circuit's mandate yesterday invalidating same-sex marriage bans in Idaho and Nevada. (Full text of order.) Even though only Idaho officials applied for the stay, Justice Kennedy's to stays the 9th Circuit's mandate in the Nevada case as well. Nevada officials had withdrawn their answering briefs in the 9th Circuit, conceding that discrimination against same-sex couples is unconstitutional. Justice Kennedy's order calls for those opposing the bans to file a response by 5 p.m. tomorrow. NPR reports on Justice Kennedy's action.

European Court Says Violence Against Jehovah's Witnesses Violates Human Rights Convention

In Begheluri and Others v. Georgia, (ECHR, Oct. 7, 2014), in a Chamber Judgment, the European Court of Human Rights held that numerous incidents of violence against Jehovah's Witnesses, even when carried out only by private individuals, violated Articles 3 (freedom from inhuman or degrading treatment) and 9 (freedom of conscience and religion) of the European Convention on Human Rights because of the government's indifference and failure to protect those attacked.

... [T]he Court concludes that the relevant authorities were ineffective in preventing and stopping religiously motivated violence. Through the conduct of their agents, who either participated directly in the attacks on Jehovah’s Witnesses or by their acquiescence and connivance into unlawful activities of private individuals, the Georgian authorities created a climate of impunity, which ultimately encouraged other attacks against Jehovah’s Witnesses throughout the country. Furthermore, by an obvious unwillingness to ensure the prompt and fair prosecution and punishment of those responsible, the respondent Government failed to redress the violations, thereby neglecting the inherent preventive and deterrent effect in relation to future violations against Jehovah’s Witnesses.

... All of the above leads the Court to conclude that the Government simply declined to apply the law to protect the applicants. It therefore establishes that Article 3 of the Convention has been violated....

... [S]everal violent attacks took place with the direct participation of various public officials or with their connivance and acquiesence. As to the adequacy of the response, the applicants’ religious gatherings were violently disrupted on a large scale, their religious literature was confiscated and burnt, and their homes were ransacked. Having been treated in that way, the applicants were subsequently confronted with total indifference and a failure to act on the part of the authorities, who, on account of the applicants’ adherence to a religious community perceived as a threat to Christian Orthodoxy, took no action in respect of their complaints.... The authorities’ negligence opened the doors to widespread religious violence throughout Georgia against Jehovah’s Witnesses. The applicants were thus led to fear that they would be subjected to renewed violence at each fresh manifestation of their faith.

... [T]hrough their involvement, connivance or at least acquiescence, the relevant authorities failed in their duty to take the necessary measures to ensure that Jehovah’s Witnesses were able to exercise their right to freedom of religion.... The Court thus concludes that the State’s failures in connection with the circumstances concerning the Jehovah’s Witnesses and the practice of their religion, seen as a whole, resulted in a violation of Article 9 of the Convention...

Art. 3 violations were found as to 32 applicants and Art. 9 violations were found as to 88. The court also issued a press release summarizing the decision. Chamber Judgments are appealable to the Grand Chamber.

9th Circuit: Same-Sex Marriage Bans In Idaho and Nevada Are Unconstitutional

In Latta v. Otter, (9th Cir., Oct. 7, 2014), a 3-judge panel of the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals held unanimously that laws in Idaho and Nevada that prohibit same-sex marriage and recognition of same-sex marriages performed elsewhere violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment because they discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. Judge Reinhardt, who wrote the court's opinion, also filed a concurring opinion arguing that the bans also infringe plaintiffs' fundamental right to marriage protected by the 14th Amendment's due process clause. Judge Berzon wrote a concurring opinion holding that the bans also amount to unconstitutional discrimination on the basis of gender.

A mandate issued by the 9th Circuit yesterday evening decreed that its decision takes effect immediately.

Reporting on the decision, Lyle Denniston at SCOTUSblog says that the decision is expected to control pending challenges to similar laws in Alaska, Arizona and Montana-- all in the 9th Circuit.

Bangladeshi Cabinet Minister Fired Over Anti-Hajj Remarks

In Bangladesh last week, the ruling Awami League party dismissed Post and Telecommunication Minister Abdul Latif Siddique from the cabinet after he made unusually critical remarks about the tradition of the hajj. Yesterday's International Policy Digest reports that while in New York, exchanging views with expatriates, Siddique said:

I am dead against hajj. Hajj costs a substantial amount of manpower. About two million people are now in Saudi Arabia to perform Hajj. These people have no work, no production. [They are] only causing reduction [in wealth]. [They are] only having meals [inside the country] and spending money [abroad].

Siddique's remarks led to 19 court cases being quickly filed against him for hurting religious sentiment.

District Court Carries Out Supreme Court's Contraceptive Coverage Decision In Conestoga

The U.S. Supreme Court's Hobby Lobby opinion handed down last June also applied to the companion case of Conestoga Wood Specialties Corp. v. Burwell. Since the 3rd Circuit in Conestoga had denied a preliminary injunction against enforcement of the contraceptive coverage mandate (see prior posting), the Supreme Court reversed the 3rd Circuit and remanded the case for further proceedings. Last week in Conestoga Wood Specialties Corp. v. Burwell, (ED PA, Oct. 2, 2014), the federal district court, in light of the Supreme Court's decision, issued a permanent injunction barring the government from enforcing the contraceptive coverage mandate against Conestoga as to those contraceptive services to which the company and its owners object on religious grounds. The court noted that if the proposed rules creating an accommodation for businesses asserting a religious objection are adopted, the government reserves the right to enforce the accommodation against Conestoga. Christian News reports on the court's action.

Tuesday, October 07, 2014

Supreme Court Hears Oral Arguments In Prison Beard Case; Full Transcript Available

The U.S. Supreme Court today heard oral arguments in Holt v. Hobbs, a case in which a Muslim inmate seeks for religious reasons to grow a one-half inch beard, in violation of Arkansas prison grooming rules. The prisoner asserts that RLUIPA affords him that right. The transcript of the full oral argument is available from the Supreme Court's website. SCOTUSblog also has a lengthy report on the oral argument, saying:

The Supreme Court on Tuesday sent a blunt message to prison officials planning a policy that limits the religious freedom of inmates: it would be important to have a good reason for the restriction before it gets into court. Trying to bolster the rationale at the lectern is not a promising strategy.

A lawyer for Arkansas prison officials found that out in two quick exchanges with Justice Samuel A. Alito, Jr., that came close to collapsing his case.

Court Allows NYC Muslim Bus Driver To Move Ahead With Challenge To Headwear Policy

In Muhammad v. New York City Transit Authority, (ED NY, Sept. 30, 2014), a New York federal district court denied the Transit Authority's motion for summary judgment in a suit filed against it by a female Muslim bus driver who was reassigned to a less desirable position after she refused to remove her khimar or cover it with a Transit Authority uniform cap. Originally filed in 2004, the lawsuit alleges violations of Title VII and the First Amendment. The court concluded that a reasonable jury could find that the Transit Authority failed to offer plaintiff a reasonable accommodation of her religious beliefs. It also concluded that plaintiff had presented a prima facie case of disparate impact under Title VII and religious discrimination in violation of the First Amendment. Two years ago, the Transit Authority settled a parallel suit brought against it by the U.S. Department of Justice. (See prior posting.)

Pending Lawsuit In Spain Challenges Award of State Medals To Icons

The Wall Street Journal reported yesterday on a lawsuit filed in Spain earlier this year challenging the odd practice of awarding state medals to Roman Catholic icons. The suit was triggered by the latest example-- the presentation of Spain’s Gold Medal of Police Merit last April to a statue named Virgin del Amor (Our Most Holy Mary of Love) located in a church in the city of Malaga. The state award is supposed to go to a member of the police force who suffered injury or death in the line of duty. In announcing the award last February, the Interior Ministry praised the icon "for sharing police values such as dedication, caring, solidarity and sacrifice." The lawsuit, filed in Spain's National Court, was brought by Jorge García González, head of the Movement Towards a Secular State. Officials say such awards merely recognize long-standing ties between Catholic lay communities and the police. An April article in The Guardian has additional background.

Suit Accuses Author Nicholas Sparks of Discrimination Against Jewish-Quaker School Headmaster

Times of Israel reports on a lawsuit filed last week against popular author Nicholas Sparks by the fired head of The Epiphany School of Global Studies. The K-12 school in New Bern, North Carolina was founded by Sparks. The suit claims that Sparks and other members of the school's board engaged in a campaign to humiliate and defame plaintiff Saul Hillel Benjamin by displaying contempt for his Jewish heritage and Quaker faith. The Oct. 2 lawsuit was filed in North Carolina federal district court.

State Trooper Sued Over Proselytizing After Traffic Stop

Huffington Post reported yesterday on a federal lawsuit filed last month against an Indiana State Police Trooper for proselytizing a driver after stopping her for a traffic violation. The complaint (full text) in Bogan v. Hamilton, (SD IN, filed 9/23/2014), alleges that after stopping driver Ellen Bogan and issuing her a warning ticket for speeding, Trooper Brian Hamilton asked Bogan whether she had a home church and had accepted Jesus as her savior. He then gave her a pamphlet from a Cambridge City, Indiana Baptist church. The suit asks for damages alleging that the trooper's coercive questioning and proselytizing violated the First Amendment.

More Certiorari Denials From SCOTUS Yesterday

Yesterday the U.S. Supreme Court issued it usual long beginning-of-term list of cases in which it is denying review. (Order List). In addition to the already widely reported denial of certiorari in same-sex marriage cases from five states (see prior posting), the Court also denied certiorari in the following cases of interest:

Mehanna v. United States, (Docket No. 13-1125). At issue was whether a citizen's political or religious speech may constitute provision of material support or resources to a Foreign Terrorist Organization. (1st Circuit's opinion in the case.)
Freshwater v. Mount Vernon School District, (Docket No. 13-1311). In the case, the Ohio Supreme Court upheld the firing of a middle school science teacher for insubordination in failing to comply with orders to remove religious materials from his classroom. (See prior posting.)
Pittman-Bey v. Celum, (Docket No. 13-10031). In the case, the 5th Circuit held that defendants had qualified immunity in a suit by a Muslim inmate who was not allowed to participate in Ramadan activities without first having participated in Jumu'ah services. (See prior posting.)

Monday, October 06, 2014

Supreme Court Denies Review In Same-Sex Marriage Cases From 5 States

The U.S. Supreme Court today denied certiorari in seven same-sex marriage cases from 5 states that had been decided by various circuit courts. (Order List). All of the Circuit Court decision had invalidated bans on same-sex marriage and/or recognition of same-sex marriages performed elsewhere. The cases are:

Herbert v. Kitchen (Docket No. 14-124) (Utah)
Smith v. Bishop (Docket No. 14-136) (Oklahoma)
Rainey v. Bostic (Docket No. 14-153) (Virginia)
Schaefer v. Bostic (Docket No. 14-225) (Virginia)
McQuigg v. Bostic (Docket No. 14-251) (Virginia)
Bogan v. Baskin (Docket No. 14-277) (Indiana)
Walker v. Wolf (14-278) (Wisconsin)

AP reports on the Court's action.

Red Mass and Modernized Website Herald Opening of Supreme Court's 2014 Term

The Supreme Court's new term opens today. To mark the occasion, the annual Catholic Red Mass was held yesterday in Washington's Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle. According to the Legal Times, four of the Court's six Catholic Justices (Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas) and two of its three Jewish Justices (Breyer and Kagan) attended. So did a number of D.C. lower court judges.

Tomorrow the Court will hear oral arguments in a religious accommodation case-- Holt v. Hobbs. At issue is whether the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act permits Arkansas to bar a Muslim prison inmate from growing a one-half inch beard. (See prior related posting.) All the briefs filed in the case are available from SCOTUSblog.

The Court usually issues a long list of certiorari denials on its first day of the term, and might grant review in additional cases as well. Among the most closely watched are a number of petitions for review in same-sex marriage cases.

The Court also begins the Term displaying a revamped website with a modernized look and improved navigation features. (Court press release.)

Appeals Court Upholds Finding That Peyote Was Not Held For Religious Use

In People v. Marbain, 2014 Cal. App. Unpub. LEXIS 7012 (CA App., Sept. 29, 2014), a California appellate court affirmed a trial court's denial of a motion by an officer of a local chapter of the Native American Church seeking return of peyote seized at multiple residences. The appeals court held that the trial court was justified in concluding that the peyote was not intended for religious use because of substantial quantities of marijuana also found at defendant's residences.

Sunday, October 05, 2014

White House Sends Muslims Best Wishes on Eid and Hajj

On Friday, the White House issued a statement (full text) from the President extending best wishes to Muslims celebrating Eid al-Adha, and congratulating those performing the Hajj this year.

Recent Prisoner Free Exercise Cases

In Allen v. Lizarraga, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 136439 (ND CA, Sept. 26, 2014), a California federal district court rejected an inmate's claim in a habeas corpus proceeding that his free exercise rights were infringed by a state court's conclusion that the clergy-penitent privilege did not apply to his confession.

In Peele v. Klemm, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 136935 (WD PA, Sept. 29, 2014), a Pennsylvania federal magistrate judge allowed a Muslim inmate to proceed under RLUIPA with a challenge to a Department of Corrections policy that restricts participation in the Eid-al-Fitr and Eid-al-Adha feasts to inmates who have participated in Ramadan services, who pay the cost of the feast and who are not in disciplinary custody.

In Williams v. Pollard, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 137297 (ED WI, Sept. 27, 2014), a Wisconsin federal district court allowed an inmate to challenge the confiscation of his two folders of religious material and more broadly an unofficial policy that disfavors Nation of Islam as a religion, as well as retaliation against him for his earlier role in getting NOI recognized as a religion.

In Covington v Annucci, 2014 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 4214 (Seneca Co. NY Sup. Ct., Sept. 25, 2014), a New York state trial court rejected a complaint by a Muslim inmate that he is sometimes treated by a female medical worker.

In Pittman v. Jesson, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 137803 (D MN, Sept. 30, 2014), a Minnesota federal district court permitted a civilly committed sex offender to proceed against certain defendants with his complaint that rules barred him from wearing his Kufi outside his cell except during Jumah services and that he was prohibited from bringing his Koran into the yard, wearing his prayer beads at all times, doing his daily prayers in the yard, and keeping his prayer oils in his room.

In yet another decision in Davis v. Abercrombie, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 139028 (D HI, Sept. 30, 2014), an Hawaii federal district court has now certified classes and subclasses in the class action on behalf of Native Hawaiian inmates who claim their religious rights were infringed.

In Harbin v. South Carolina Department of Corrections, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 138215 ( D SC, Sept 30, 2014), a South Carolina federal district court adopted a magistrate's recommendations (2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 139617, June 12, 2014) and dismissed an inmate's complaint that Nation of Islam inmates are not provided separate study group classes and services from other Muslims.

In Salam v. Delaney, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 138479 (WD AR, Sept. 30, 2014), an Arkansas federal district court adopted a magistrate's recommendations (2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 138480, Sept. 8, 2014) and among other things dismissed a Muslim inmate's claim that he was denied a pork-free diet.

In Morceli v. Meyers, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 141037 (ED CA, Oct. 1, 2014), a California federal magistrate judge recommended dismissing an inmate's complaint because there was no evidence that the named defendant was responsible for the alleged policy of refusing to allow Muslim inmates to wear kufis in the dining hall, or to purchase and wear black kufis anywhere.

Muslims In Europe Concerned About Names Used To Refer To ISIS/ ISIL

The New York Times reported last week that Muslims in France and Britain have been urging their governments to find a name other than "Islamic State" to refer to ISIL. French Muslims say that using "Islamic State" stigmatizes the country's Muslims and gives unwarranted legitimacy to ISIL. French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius announced last month that his government would refer to the terrorist group as "Daesh", an acronym for the group's Arabic name "Al-Dawla al-Islamiya fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham." Some experts warn, however, that Daesh creates negative reactions because it sounds like the Arabic word "daes" that means to trample or crush. American Muslim groups generally agree that any name that does not actually use the workd "Islamic" is acceptable, so that they generally do not object to "ISIS".

Bankruptcy Court Rejects RFRA Defense To Fraudulent Conveyance Recovery

In In re Khan, 2014 Bankr. LEXIS 4205 (Bkrptcy. ED NY, Sept. 30, 2014), a New York federal bankruptcy court rejected a defendant's Religious Freedom Restoration Act defense against an attempt by the bankruptcy trustee to recover some $35,500, the proceeds of certain real estate transactions, as fraudulent conveyances. Defendant, son of Shahara Khan who filed a Chap. 7 bankruptcy petition argued that:

the Trustee's claims amount to a violation of the RFRA because they would undo the transactions entered into between the Debtor and her son in furtherance of their personal religious, cultural, and familial obligations. In particular ... "[i]t is the religious belief and practice of the family that [the] family is one unit and transfer of an asset from [one family member] to the other does not transfer real ownership." ... [and that] "[i]t is against the religious practice of the family to place mother or son as creditor and debtor of each other."....

The court rejected defendant's claim, stating in part:

Here, the record shows that the Defendant sincerely believes, as a matter of his religion and culture, that there can be no "business between mother and son.".... The Defendant and his sister "had a religious call to respect our mother and to show our respect we put our mother['s] name on our first house we ever bought here at the United States."...

This Court respects and acknowledges the sincerity of the Defendant's religious beliefs. But that does not mean that those beliefs, and the Defendant's free exercise of his religion, is burdened by the relief sought by the Trustee. The Defendant has not shown that the avoidance of the Mortgage Proceeds Transfer and the Sale Proceeds Transfer ... substantially burdens the Defendant's right to practice his religion. He has not shown that he will be required to refrain from engaging in a practice important to his religion, or compelled to choose between following the precepts of his religion or accepting a benefit under law. Nor has he demonstrated that he is under "substantial pressure . . . to modify his behavior" or "to violate his beliefs."

Enforcement of Israeli Child-Support Order Does Not Violate Establishment Clause

In Jenkins v. Jenkins, (OH App., Oct. 3, 2014), an Ohio Court of Appeals rejected a father's claim that enforcement of an Israeli child-support order would violate his rights because its terms were based on his Jewish religion and his gender. The court noted that the order was issued by an Israeli civil family court, not a religious court. It went on to conclude that while the family court in Israel cited the Jewish-law tradition that the father is responsible for his daughter’s essential support, the Israeli court went on to consider other factors as well.

Saturday, October 04, 2014

Pastor's Claim of Wrongful Termination Is Dismissed

In Simons v. Lewis, (NJ App., Oct. 2, 2014), a New Jersey appellate court affirmed the trial court's dismssal of a lawsuit by a church's senior pastor who was ousted from his position. The appellate court said in part:

Where, as here, a church's governing body determines that the church's pastor is spiritually disqualified from continuing to serve the congregation, the courts cannot interfere without trenching on the church's right of self-governance and its First Amendment right to choose its clergy.

The court also held that the "clean hands" doctrine prevents the pastor from arguing that the board members who removed him lacked authority to do so. His claim was that he lacked authority to appoint the board members that he did.

Friday, October 03, 2014

Ireland Will Have Vote On Removing Blasphemy From Constitution

Last year, Ireland's Convention on the Constitution recommended that a referendum be held on whether to replace the current constitutional provision on blasphemy with a general provision banning incitement to religious hatred. (See prior posting.) Yesterday, according to The Journal, the government announced that it accepted the recommendation that the people vote on whether to remove the offense of blasphemy from the Constitution. A government spokesman said that it is still an open question whether the proposed constitutional amendment will also call for replacing the ban on blasphemy with a prohibition on incitement to religious hatred. A date has not been set for the referendum. It will apparently require a law be enacted by the Oireachtas.

October 5 Is 7th Annual Pulpit Freedom Sunday

This Sunday is Alliance Defending Freedom's 7th Annual Pulpit Freedom Sunday (Press release.). Pastors are encouraged to preach sermons that day "presenting biblical perspectives on the positions of electoral candidates" as a protest against federal tax code limitations on non-profits becoming involved in partisan political campaigns. ADF says that nearly 1500 pastors will participate this year.

Thursday, October 02, 2014

Supreme Court Grants Review In Abercrombie & Fitch Religious Accommodation Case

The U.S. Supreme Court today granted certiorari in EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc., (Docket No. 14-86). (Order List). In the case, the 10th Circuit held that there is a strict notice requirement before an employer is required to accommodate religious beliefs. Merely wearing hijab to an employment interview did not give notice that a job applicant wore it for religious purposes or needed religious accommodation because of its conflict with Abercrombie's clothing policy. (See prior posting.) The cert. petition and related briefs are available here from SCOTUSblog. News 9 reports on the Supreme Court's grant of review.

South African Appeals Court Says Minister Must Arbitrate Dispute With Church

In De Lange v. Presiding Bishop of the Methodist Church of Southern Africa, (S, Afr. Sup. Ct, App., Sept. 29, 2014), the South African Supreme Court of Appeal refused to set aside an arbitration agreement under which a minister was required to arbitrate her dispute with the church that suspended her as a minister after she announced she would enter a same-sex civil union. The court said in part:

As the main dispute in the instant matter concerns the internal rules adopted by the Church, such a dispute, as far as is possible, should be left to the Church to be determined domestically and without interference from a court. A court should only become involved in a dispute of this kind where it is strictly necessary for it to do so. Even then it should refrain from determining doctrinal issues in order to avoid entanglement. It would thus seem that a proper respect for freedom of religion precludes our courts from pronouncing on matters of religious doctrine, which fall within the exclusive realm of the Church.

The court also issued a press release describing its decision. IOL News reports on the decision.

Court Rejects 1st Amendment Objections To Required AA Attendance

In State v. Miller, (OH App., Sept. 30, 2014), an Ohio appellate court rejected free exercise and establishment clause claims raised by Johnny Miller, a convicted robber, who as a condition of his community control sentence was required to attend Alcoholics Anonymous. The claim comes in the context of Miller's appeal of his conviction for forging his AA attendance documents. In rejecting the claim, the court noted that Miller only raised the religious claims belatedly. The court added that, more importantly:

the record is devoid of any evidence showing that appellant ever attended an AA meeting whose primary purpose was to advance religious beliefs rather than to promote sobriety and recovery from addiction and substance abuse.

Church Evicts AA Out of Fear It Would Lead To Required Hosting of Gay Weddings

KSLA reported last week that in a Sept. 17 letter, the pastors of a Keithville, Louisiana Baptist church told an AA group that had been meeting at the church for five years that it could no longer accommodate them out of fear that a court would hold that the church would also need to make its building available for same-sex wedding ceremonies and receptions.

Suit Challenges MTA's Rejection of Anti-Hamas Ad

Reuters reported yesterday on a lawsuit filed by the American Freedom Defense Initiative claiming that its civil rights were violated when the New York City Metropolitan Transit Authority rejected its city bus ad that included the line: "Killing Jews is worship that draws us close to Allah - Hamas MTV". The MTA says they rejected the ad because it may incite violence.

Wednesday, October 01, 2014

Los Angeles Archdiocese Sued Over Cemetery Lease Termination

AP reported yesterday that S.E. Funeral Homes of California Inc. has filed a $250 million breach of contract lawsuit in state court in California against the Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles. The suit claims that the Archdiocese in 1997 agreed to a 40 year lease of land on or near six cemeteries for S.E. Funeral Homes to operate its funeral services business. The company spent $37 million to build funeral homes, mausoleums and other facilities and pre-sold $190 million worth of services. However in early September the Archdiocese notified the company that it would terminate the leases in a month, claiming that the company was in breach of lease because of a reverse merger with a subsidiary of Service Corp. International. At issue is a clause in the lease that bars "transfer or entrustment of operations" without the consent of the Archdiocese. S.E. Funeral says the Archdiocese is acting in bad faith to seize its lucrative business.

Lawsuit Seeks To Stop Use of Chickens In Pre-Yom Kippur Ceremony

BNC reported yesterday that a lawsuit has been filed in a New York state trial court seeking to enjoin to enjoin Brooklyn Jewish residents from organizing, conducting or participating in the pre-Yom Kippur ritual of kaporos using live chickens. The chickens are slaughtered after use in a ceremony seeking to atonemnet for one's sins. The suit, filed by an organization known as Alliance to End Chickens As Kaporos, was prompted by concern that thousands of chickens are shipped into Brooklyn for the ceremony each year and many are left starving for days and found dead. Many Jews use coins that are contributed to the poor in the ritual instead of chickens.

Tuesday, September 30, 2014

Successful DOMA Challengers Denied Attorneys' Fees Award

In McLaughlin v. Hagel, (1st Cir., Sept. 23, 2014), the U.S. 1st Circuit Court of Appeals held that plaintiffs who successfully challenged the constituitonality of Sec. 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act are not entitled to an award of attorneys' fees against the government under the Equal Access to Justice Act. According to the court:

This extraordinary case presents the unusual situation in which the government's pre-litigation and during-litigation position was to enforce a challenged statute, but in which the government's litigation position was to argue that the challenged statute is unconstitutional....

Though novel, the government's litigate-to-lose position is not barred by the case law. And because it was constitutionally appropriate, fees were correctly denied as a matter of law.

National Law Journal reported on the decision.

Russian Constitutional Court Upholds Ban on Promoting Homosexuality To Minors, Interpreting It Narrowly

Interfax reported last week that Russia's Constitutional Court has upheld the constitutionality of Article 6.21 of the Russian Code of Administrative Violations that bans promoting homosexuality among minors, but said it must be interpreted narrowly. The Sept. 23 decision (full text in Russian), which was issued without a public hearing, came in a suit filed by gay rights activists who had been fined under the law. According to Interfax:

the Constitutional Court decided that the legislator's purpose was to establish a balance between personal autonomy and the public interest with regard for the traditional ideas of marriage, family and motherhood in Russian society, in which many religious people are represented.

Constitutional Court Judge Nikolay Bondar commented on the decision, saying:

The Russian Constitutional Court has found that the contested provision does not contradict the Constitution. It also gave a constitutional law interpretation, which shows all law enforcers that a broad interpretation of the ban is unacceptable and it is compulsory for everyone, including courts....

Secondly, the court ruled that this provision is not aimed at banning or officially condemning non-traditional sexual relations. Thirdly, this article does not prevent impartial public debate of the legal status of sexual minorities, including by holding public events according to the procedures established by law. However, minors should not be involved in the relevant events, no matter whether it's rallies or debates, and the disseminated information should not be targeted at them.

(See prior related posting.)

Arkansas Firing Range Says It is A "Muslim Free Zone"

An indoor firing range in Hot Springs, Arkansas has declared itself a "Muslim Free Zone." Jan Morgan, owner of The Gun Cave Indoor Firing Range and conservative online journalist sets out ten reasons for her decision, ranging from strange behavior recently by two Muslim patrons at her firing range to concern about ISIS and honor killings. She says she has chosen to "err on the side of caution" since she has "no way of discerning which muslims will or will not kill in the name of their religion and the commands in their koran." Addressing the issue of religious discrimination, Morgan says: "I view Islam as a theocracy, not a religion." KRMG News says that comments are flooding the firing range's Facebook page in support of it decision.

North Carolina Distributes First Voucher Funds While Challenge Is On Appeal

AP reports that last week the North Carolina State Educational Assistance Authority distributed $1.1 million under its Opportunity Scholarship Program to 109 private and religious schools for 568 qualifying students. The largest amount of money-- $90,300 for 43 students went to the Greensboro Islamic Academy. $54,600 went to Word of God Christian Academy. The voucher program had been enjoined by a state trial court, but on Sept. 19 the state court of appeals ruled that, pending an appeal, students who had already been granted Opportunity Scholarships could receive the funds.

Cert. Filed In Ban On Church Use of New York City Schools

A petition for certiorari (full text) has been filed with the U.S. Supreme Court in Bronx Household of Faith v. Board of Education of the City of New York, (cert. filed 9/24/2014). In the case the U.S. 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals, in a 2-1 decision held that the Board of Education of the City of New York did not violate the free exercise clause when in 2007 it changed its rules to bar the use of school facilities by churches for religious worship services. ADF announced the filing of the cert. petition. [Thanks to Jeff Pasek for the lead.]

EEOC Files Two Religious Discrimintion Cases

In recent days, the EEOC has filed two separate religious discrimination cases. On Sept. 25, the agency announced that it has filed suit against a Michigan-based automobile dealership-- Feldman Automotive, Inc. The suit alleges that the company refused to hire Brandan Allen as a car salesman after learning that he was a religious member of a non-denominational church.

On Sept. 29, the EEOC announced that it has sued U.S. Steel Tubular Products, Inc., a subsidiary of U.S. Steel Corporation for failing to accommodate the religious beliefs of an applicant for a utility technician position who was a member of the Nazirite sect of the Hebrew Israelite faith. The company insisted that the applicant Stephen Fayusi take a hair follicle drug test that required cutting his hair at the scalp, and refused alternatives such as hair from other parts of his body.

Monday, September 29, 2014

Continuing Resolution Extends USCIRF Until Dec. 11

The Continuing Appropriations Resolution 2015, (Sec. 144), signed by the President on Sept. 19, among other things amends 22 USC 6436 to extend the life of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom from Sept. 30, 2014 to Dec. 11, 2014.

Many Navy Chaplains' Claims Dismissed on Limitations Grounds

The federal district court for the District of Columbia last week dismissed on statute of limitations grounds a number of discrimination claims in the long-running suit brought by a group of Non-Liturgical Protestant chaplains and their certifying agencies against the U.S. Navy. In In re Navy Chaplaincy, (D DC, Sept. 24, 2014), the court rejected various theories put forward by plaintiffs who argued that the suit was still timely.

Sunday, September 28, 2014

Recent Prisoner Free Exercise Cases

In Ureña v. Strafford County House of Corrections, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 132513 (D NH, Sept. 22, 2014), a New Hampshire federal magistrate judge recommended allowing a Muslim inmate to proceed with a number of his claims regarding access to a halal diet and to Jumu'ah, a Qur'an, a kufi and an Imam.

In Sublett v. Green, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 135527 (ED KY, Sept. 24, 2014), a Kentucky federal district court dismissed an inmate's complaint that he was denied kosher meals while in segregation. The court found plaintiff had not exhausted administrative remedies.

In Bartlett v. Wengler, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 135516 (D ID, Sept. 24, 2014), an Idaho federal district court indicated that it intended to dismiss an inmate's complaint about failure to provide kosher meals.

In Shepherd v. Powers, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 136467 (SD NY, Sept. 26, 20140, a New York federal district court allowed an inmate to proceed with a complaint that in punitive segregation he was unable to attend church or Bible study classes, and he only a received a Bible three days after he requested one.

Suit Filed In US Court Against Indian Primie Minister Over 2002 Anti-Muslim Riots

Reuters reports on a lawsuit filed last Thursday in the Southern District of New York federal district court against Indian Prime Minister Narenda Modi over his alleged lack of action as Chief Minister of Gujarat during anti-Muslim rioting in 2002. Modi is a member of the Hindu nationalist BJP Party. The person behind the lawsuit is 70-year old Joseph Whittington, a member of the Harvey, Illinois City Council. Whittington, who is African-American, says some of his constituents or their families were victims of the Gujarat riots, which reminded him of the U.S. civil rights movement. Whittington worked with a group of New York lawyers to found a non-profit, American Justice Center, which filed the suit against Modi. AP reports that American Justice Center is offering a $10,000 reward to anyone who can serve process on Modi while he is in the United States for a visit. Normally sitting heads of state enjoy immunity from lawsuits in American courts and cannot be served.

Megachurch Leader Threatens To Sue Rappers Over Remix

The New York Daily News reported Thursday that Dallas megachurch leader T.D. Jakes is threatening to sue popular rappers Young Jeezy and Kendrick Lamar over use of a 24-second clip from a Jakes' sermon in a remix of "Holy Ghost." Legal experts suggest that the fair use doctrine makes Jakes' claim a difficult one.

Saturday, September 27, 2014

Federal Court Says State Court Should Act First In Challenge To Eruv Zoning Decisions

East End Eruv Association v. Town of Southampton, (ED NY, Sept. 24, 2014), is the latest decision by a New York federal district court in challenges to the refusal by Long Island towns to permit a Jewish organization to construct an eruv. The court held that the claim that zoning authorities acted arbitrarily and capriciously in denying an appeal and a variance should be decided in state court, and that plaintiffs' other five claims should be stayed pending that decision. In a related decision, on the same day in the same case, the court refused to allow an organization known as Jewish People Opposed to the Eruv to intervene in the case.

Wednesday, September 24, 2014

President Sends Greetings For Rosh Hashanah

The Jewish holiday of Rosh Hashanah begins this evening. The White House has posted a video and transcript of High Holiday greetings from President Obama.

Obama To U.N.: Terrorists Have Perverted Islam

President Obama today delivered a wide-ranging speech (full text) before the United Nations General Assembly addressing challenges facing the international community. Significant portions of his remarks focused on the role of religion in current conflicts. He said in part:

In the 20th century, terror was used by all manner of groups who failed to come to power through public support. But in this century, we have faced a more lethal and ideological brand of terrorists who have perverted one of the world’s great religions.... At the same time, we have reaffirmed that the United States is not and never will be at war with Islam. Islam teaches peace. Muslims the world over aspire to live with dignity and a sense of justice. And when it comes to America and Islam, there is no us and them – there is only us, because millions of Muslim Americans are part of the fabric of our country.

So we reject any suggestion of a clash of civilizations. Belief in permanent religious war is the misguided refuge of extremists who cannot build or create anything, and therefore peddle only fanaticism and hate. And it is no exaggeration to say that humanity’s future depends on us uniting against those who would divide us along fault lines of tribe or sect; race or religion....

[I]t is time for the world – especially Muslim communities – to explicitly, forcefully, and consistently reject the ideology of al Qaeda and ISIL. It is the task of all great religions to accommodate devout faith with a modern, multicultural world.... There should be no more tolerance of so-called clerics who call upon people to harm innocents because they are Jewish, Christian or Muslim. It is time for a new compact among the civilized peoples of this world to eradicate war at its most fundamental source: the corruption of young minds by violent ideology....

That means bringing people of different faiths together. All religions have been attacked by extremists from within at some point, and all people of faith have a responsibility to lift up the value at the heart of all religion: do unto thy neighbor as you would have done unto you....

[W]e must address the cycle of conflict – especially sectarian conflict – that creates the conditions that terrorists prey upon. There is nothing new about wars within religions. Christianity endured centuries of vicious sectarian conflict. Today, it is violence within Muslim communities that has become the source of so much human misery. It is time to acknowledge the destruction wrought by proxy wars and terror campaigns between Sunni and Shia across the Middle East. And it is time that political, civic and religious leaders reject sectarian strife.....

Today Is 2014 "See You At the Pole" Prayer Event

Today is the date for this year's annual Christian-sponsored "See You At The Pole" event at schools around the country and beyond. According to the SYATP website:

See You at the Pole™ is simply a prayer rally where students meet at the school flagpole before school to lift up their friends, families, teachers, school, and nation to God. See You at the Pole™ is a student-initiated, student-organized, and student-led event.

This year's theme is a verse from Ephesians 6:18: "Never Stop Praying, Especially for Others." Organizers claim that over 3 million students in 20 countries participate in the event. Alliance Defending Freedom has distributed a Legal Memo on "Student Rights to Participate In and Promote See You at the Pole."

New Study Released On Israeli Religion-State Public Opinion

In Israel yesterday, Hiddush- Freedom of Religion for Israel released its 2014 Israel Religion and State Index. The report is its annual study of Israeli public opinion on religion and state issues. Here is an excerpt from the Executive Summary:

[T]he Israeli Jewish public expressed an all-time high dissatisfaction with the government policies regarding religion and state..... A sweeping majority of Israelis (including the beleaguered residents of southern Israel) indicated their opposition to the claim, used to legitimize ultra-Orthodox draft evasion, that Torah study and prayers are Israel's true defense mechanism. Similarly, the majority of the respondents did not accept rabbinic explanations that security incidents and natural disasters are caused by punishments for religious sins. Unfortunately, freedom of religion and equality continuously fall victim to politicians who ignore the strong will of the Israeli public for freedom of religion and equality.

Preacher Claims Health Department Job Offer Was Withdrawn Because of His Religious Views

The Atlanta Journal Constitution reports that a Seventh Day Adventist preacher yesterday filed a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission claiming that the Georgia Public Health Department rescinded a job offer it had made to him when it learned of some of his religious views. At issue are videos of sermons by preacher Eric Walsh in which he says that homosexuality is a sin and evolution is a "religion created by Satan." Walsh resigned from his job in California two days before Georgia rescinded the offer. The Georgia Public Health Department says that the job offer was contingent on a background check and that its withdrawal was not related to Walsh's religious beliefs.

New Mediation Efforts In Milwaukee Archdiocese Bankruptcy Fail

The Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee announced yesterday that its second attempt at mediation with the creditors' committee and abuse victims in its bankruptcy reorganization has failed. The sticking point is whether some $50 million held by a Cemetery Trust for perpetual care of Archdiocesan cemeteries will be available to Archdiocese creditors. That issue is currently on appeal to the 7th Circuit after a federal district court held that the Trust asssets were not available to creditors. (See prior posting.) The Archdiocese has already incurred over $15.4 million in legal fees and expenses in the bankruptcy reorganization.

Tuesday, September 23, 2014

Louisiana State Court Invalidates State's Same-Sex Marriage Bans

Yesterday, a Louisiana state trial court declared the state's ban on same-sex marriage and its refusal to recognize same-sex marriages performed elsewhere unconstitutional. The full text of the opinion has apparently not yet been publicly released, but BuzzFeed News reports that it was permitted to review a copy of the decision on the condition that it not post it or quote directly from it. (The decision was sealed because it involves the adoption of a minor.) BuzzFeed reports that the 23-page opinion invalidates the bans on the basis of the equal protection, due process and Full-Faith-And-Credit clauses. The Louisiana Department of Justice plans to appeal directly to the state Supreme Court and has already asked the trial court to suspend its order pending appeal. The trial court's invalidation of the state's same sex marriage ban comes less than a month after a Louisiana federal district court upheld the ban. (See prior posting.)

UPDATE: Here is the full opinion in Costanza v. Caldwell, (LA Dist. Ct., Sept. 22, 2014).

8th Circuit Invokes Hobby Lobby To Reverse In For-Profit Challenge To Contraceptive Mandate

Earlier this month in a per curiam two-paragraph order, the U.S. 8th Circuit Court of Appeals, invoking the Supreme Court's Hobby Lobby decision, reversed a Missouri federal district court's dismissal of a RFRA claim (see prior posting) by a for-profit company that objected to the contraceptive coverage mandate. The case is O'Brien v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 8th Cir., Sept. 8, 2014). The 8th circuit also vacated and remanded the district court's dismissal of other claims in the case, without expressing a view on their merits.

Muslim Groups Denounce Anti-Islamist Ads That Will Appear on NYC Busses and Subway Stations

AlJazeera reported yesterday that Muslim groups are denouncing a series of six anti-Muslim, anti-Jihad ads that will appear on 100 New York buses and two subway entrances for the next four weeks, saying they equate all Muslims with extremism. The ads, which reportedly cost some $100,000, were purchased by the American Freedom Defense Initiative, a group led by Pamela Geller. Five of the ads are pictured on AFDI's website. One of the ads focuses on ISIL's radicalization of Westerners; another equates CAIR with Hamas; two others focus on promotion of anti-Christian and anti-Jewish views by Islamic countries; and one call Jihadists savages and urges support for Israel. An MTA spokesman says that court decisions (see prior posting) make it clear that under the First Amendment it must accept the ads unless they provoke violence or interfere with operations (which one proposed ad did).

2nd Circuit Says Trial Court Misinterpreted RLUIPA In Chabad Zoning Case

In Chabad Lubavitch of Litchfield County, Inc. v. Litchfield Historic District Commission, (2d Cir., Sept. 19, 2014), the U.S. Second Circuit Court of Appeals held that the district court had applied erroneous legal standards in deciding whether a refusal to allow a Jewish group to expand a building in Lichtfield's Historic District violates RLUIPA’s substantial burden and nondiscrimination provisions. RLUIPA's substantial burden provision applies because the statutes involved call for an individual assessment of applications to alter historic properties. The district court should have looked at more than religious comparators in deciding the discrimination claim. The court also held that the district court wrongly dismissed on standing grounds the RLUIPA claim of the rabbi who was to live in the building. AP reports on the decision. [Thanks to Tom Rutledge for the lead.]

Suit Seeks Religious Accommodation In Schedulng of Tennis Tournament

The United States Tennis Association's Eastern Adult Section Championships are scheduled for Sept. 27 to 29. The New York Times reports that last Friday one of the teams in the tournament, the Long Beach Lipschik, sued in a New York federal district court seeking to force the USTA to make accommodations for the team since 9 of its 12 members are Orthodox Jews who will not play tennis from sundown Friday to after sundown Saturday. According to JP Updates, the USTA says it has already changed the dates of the tounament once to avoid its conciding with Rosh Hashanah which is celebrated from Wednesday evening to Friday evening this week. A hearing in the case is set for Wednesday. [Thanks to Steven H. Sholk for the lead.]

2015 National Religious Freedom Moot Court Competion Announced

The George Washington University Law School has announced that again this academic year it is hosting the National Religious Freedom Moot Court Competition. The event pits teams from various law schools around the country against one another in arguing a hypothetical religious freedom case. This year's competition, which will take place on Feb. 6-7, 2015, involves a case in which teachers object on conscientious grounds to a hypothetical D.C. law that requires them to carry firearms on public school property during school hours.

Monday, September 22, 2014

Pope Francis In Albania Speaks On Religious Violence and Religious Freedom

Pope Francis, on a visit to Albania yesterday, spoke at the Catholic University of Tirana to leaders of various faith communities on issues of religious freedom and religious violence. Vatican Radio reports the full text of his speech. The Pope said in part:

We cannot deny that intolerance towards those with different religious convictions is a particularly insidious enemy, one which today is being witnessed in various areas around the world.... [A]ll those forms which present a distorted use of religion, must be firmly refuted as false since they are unworthy of God or humanity. Authentic religion is a source of peace and not of violence! No one must use the name of God to commit violence! To kill in the name of God is a grave sacrilege. To discriminate in the name of God is inhuman.

Seen in this light, religious freedom is not a right which can be guaranteed solely by existing legislation, although laws are necessary. Rather religious freedom is a shared space, an atmosphere of respect and cooperation that must be built with everyone’s participation, even those who have no religious convictions. Allow me to outline two attitudes which can be especially helpful in the advancement of this fundamental freedom.

The first attitude is that of regarding every man and woman, even those of different religious traditions, not as rivals, less still enemies, but rather as brothers and sisters. When a person is secure of his or her own beliefs, there is no need to impose or put pressure on others....

The second attitude which fosters the promotion of religious freedom is the work done in service of the common good.... The more men and women are at the service of others, the greater their freedom!